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The Reformation - Coggle Diagram
The Reformation
Martin Luther
Joined Augustinian Order 1505
Professor of Theology at Wittenberg University 1521
Born in Eisleben 1483
Beliefs -
justification by faith alone, consubstantiation against the sale of indulgences
Wrote 95 theses against sale of indulgences and nailed them to the door of Wittenberg church
Pope wrote papal bull condemning him, Luther burnt it in public
Excommunicated from the church at the
Diet of Worms
Counter-Reformation
As a result, Catholic church remained as dominant denomination in Europe
Pope's control of church strengthened
Council of Trent 1545-63
- ruled on matters of faith & discipline in response to existential threat of Protestantism
Jesuits founded by Ignatius de Loyola
Inquisition in Spain & Italian regions killed thousands of Protestants, Muslims & Jew + eradicated Protestantism in these areas
Religion in the 1500s
Pope in Rome head of the Catholic Church
Pope - Cardinals - Archbishops - Bishops - Priests - Laypeople
Christianity -
Catholics in the West, Orthodox in the East
Religion central in people's lives from baptism until funeral
Spread of Lutheranism
Translated New Testament into German
Princes of North German states supported Luther - led to war between Catholic and Protestant states
Sheltered by
Frederick the Wise
at Wartburg Castle
Peace of Augsburg 1555
- ended war, each ruler free to decide religion of state
Other Reformers
John Calvin -
Switzerland, set up Calvinism
John Knox
-Scotland, set up Presbyterianism
Henry VIII -
England, set up Anglican Church
Education
Luther set up schools for boys and girls to learn to read
Jesuits set up schools for boys in Catholic-majority countries
Calvin set up University of Geneva
Causes of the Reformation
Wealth of the Church -
biggest landowner in Europe, more interested in money than parishioners
Abuses
- simony, nepotism, pluralism, absenteeism
Renaissance Popes
- Sixtus IV, Julius II, Alexander VI
Divisions in Christianity
2. Protestant Churches -
Lutheran, Anglican, Presbyterian, Calvinist, Methodist, Anabaptist etc., mainly in Northern Germany, Sweden, Denmark, Norway, England, Scotland
3. Orthodox Church
- Russia, Greece, Bulgaria, Romania, Ukraine etc.
1. Catholic Church -
Italian and Southern German states, France, Spain, Ireland, Portugal
Churches and Architecture
Catholic Church used baroque style art and ornate statues to show off glory of the church to parishioners
Big pillars & large altars
Protestant's opposed paintings & statues, churches thus bare