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Kathy Ramirez Per.2 Skeletal system - Coggle Diagram
Kathy Ramirez Per.2 Skeletal system
Microscopic anatomy of bone tissue
osteon
can measure several millimeters long
around 0.2 mm in diameter
cylindrical structures
lamellae of compact bone tissue
Bone Fracture Repair
formation of a bony callus
remodeling and addition of compact bone.
formation of a fibrocartilaginous callus
Treatments
Casting
Open reduction
internal fixation
formation of hematoma
Difference between male and female bones
Female
short ribcage
narrow shoulders
wider pelvic cavity
shorter breastbone
less heavy
slimmer wrists
Male
robust
larger
heavier
narrow pelvic cavity
broader shoulders
long rib cage
Name of all bones
spine
lumbar
sacrum
thoracic
coccyx
cervical
chest
sternum
ribs
arms
clavicle
scapula
humerus
radius
ulna
thighs
femur
patella
tibia
fibula
tarsals
metatarsals
phalanges
feet
metatarsals
phalanges
tarsals
cranium
nasal
vomer
temporal
parietal
frontal
zygomatic
maxilla
mandible
coronal
ethmoid
lacrimal
squamous
lambdoid
palatine
sphenoid
Hands
carpals
metacarpals
phalanges
Disorders/Diseases
Osteonecrosis
disruption to a bone’s blood flow
bone tissue death
can cause the bone to break down and the joint to collapse
commonly affects the shoulders, hips, and knees
occurs most often in people aged 20–50
Osteoarthritis
most common form of arthritis
degrading cartilage
can also change the shape of bones
most frequently affects hands, hips, and knees
Osteogenesis imperfecta
bones fracture easily
different types of OI
results from a change or mutation in the genes
Osteomyelitis
infection or inflammation of the bone
typically occurs when a bacterial infection enters a bone
can happen at any age
more common in young children
Paget’s disease
affects the bone remodeling process
process of rebuilding bones takes place at a faster rate
cause the bones to become softer or larger
more susceptible to complications such as bending or fractures
Osteopenia
decrease in bone mineral density
not low enough to be classified as osteoporosis
Osteoporosis
decrease in bone mass
mineral density
decrease bone strength
increase the risk of fracturing
risk increases with age
commonly affects white females and Asian females
Anatomy of long bone
has a shaft
2 ends
longer than wide
3 sections
diaphysis
D. epiphysis
P. epiphysis
inner anatomy
spongy bone
articular cartilage
epiphyseal line
periosteum
compact bone
perforating fibers
nutrient arteries
yellow bone marrow
endosteum
Bone remodeling
subsequently become mineralized
takes about 4 to 8 months
formation of bone matrix through the osteoblasts
remove mineralized bone by osteoclasts
Movements allowed by synovial joints
extension
flexion
adduction
rotation
Abduction
Joints
point where two bones make contact
Ball-and-socket joints
hip joints
shoulder joints
Movements
sideways
rotating
forward
backward
Hinge joints
type of synovial joint
made up of two or more bones w/articular surfaces
covered by hyaline cartilage
lubricated by synovial fluid
allow motion primarily in one plane
Pivot joints
permit rotatory movement
around a single axis
ends of two bones connec
cylinder-shaped bone rotates inside another ligament
Ellipsoidal joints
two planes, back and front, and side to side
knuckle joints, wrist joints, metacarpophalangeal joints and metatarsophalangeal joints
allows movements in all angular motions
Types of bones
flat bone
flat
broad surface
skull bone
ribs
shoulder blades
breast bone
irregular bone
vertebrae
complex shape
short bone
wrists and ankles
cube shape
long bone
arms and legs
work as levers to permit movement.
thin
long