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the Early Stuarts - Coggle Diagram
the Early Stuarts
charles I (1625-1649)
he married Henrietta Maria, the catholic daugther of the king of france. he ruled avoiding the parliament (11 years).
in 1628 petition of right: the king could not imprison without a trial or demand taxes without the consent of the commons, the petition was dismissed.
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in 1635 the king put a tax on costal towns, and in 1640 the short parlamet refused to give money to the king.
in 1640 the long parliament was elected, made up of new middle class which wanted the king to be subject to parliament. --> civil war (parlamentarians Vs royalist)
james I (1603-1625)
king of Scotland, he unified: Scotland, England and Wales (Great Britain). flag and money were the same.
succeeded Elizabeth, becaming the first Stuart king of England
he raised as a protestant, he believed in witchcraft.
he prevented a civil war, but he thought to be God on earth
he took under patronage Shakespeare's company, called King's men.
Gunpowder Plot
in 1604 he tries to reconcile the bishops and the puritans. (they agreed on baptism, ordination and civil role of the church).
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james signed a peace treaty with spain: to stop the claims to the English throne and the Eiglish attacks to Spanish ships
in 1620 since dissenters were treated as treasoners, a group of Pilgrim fathers left England to America with the Mayflower (founded Plymouth)
catholics were left out of the Hampton court, and a group of them (Guy Fawkes) decided to blow up the parliament in 1605, at the end the plotters were executed. the 5 of novembre became a event (Bonfire night).
commonwealth
Cromwell took the army to Ireland to sedate a rebellion: they slaughtered the citizenz of Drogheda, defeated the Scottish army. Charles II who was crowed as king of Scotland escaped to France and Cromwell became lors protector of England
piuritan rules were introduced: execution for adultery, abolition of games, theater, pubs, Christmas and Easter (replaced with fasting)
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1658 Cromwell died, in 1660 Charls II returned from France
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