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HUMANISM AND KNOWLEDGE - Coggle Diagram
HUMANISM AND KNOWLEDGE
HUMANISM
was a cultural movement that began in the 14th century. It developed fully in the 15th and 16th centuries, in the rich city-states of the northern part of the Italian Peninsula.
ANTHROPOCENTRISM
Humans were at the centre of historical events. Compared to medieval ways of thinking, Humanism was an individualist movement.
THE LOVE OF KNOWLEDGE
Humanists believed that a person’s prestige not only depended on their wealth and power, but also on their education.
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CARDINAL CISNEROS
set up the University of Alcalá de Henares as a centre of theology, a study revived by the humanists.
SIR THOMAS MORE
was an important English lawyer and author. He defended the right of the individual conscience against the power of the state.
ERASMUS OF ROTTERDAM
was born in the Netherlands. He criticised the vices of society, especially those at the heart of the Church. He called for reform based on an individual’s freedom of choice.
THE SPREAD OF KNOWLEDGE
Humanist ideas and knowledge spread more rapidly in the Modern Age than in the Middle Ages, when knowledge was spread through books written by hand, mostly by clergymen in monasteries.
THE PRINTING PRESS
Around 1440, Johannes Gutenberg invented the movable-type printing press. Books could be produced more easily and ideas spread more quickly
SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE
thinkers and academics became interested in understanding the world that surrounded them, and the natural processes that occurred in it.
ASTRONOMY
In the 16th century, Polish astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus developed the heliocentric theory, which claimed that the Earth and all the other planets orbited the Sun. In the 17th century, Tuscan physicist Galileo Galilei proved Copernicus’ theory using a new invention, the telescop.