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Cloning - Coggle Diagram
Cloning
Adult cell cloning
Benefits
Can produced animals that are genetically engineered
Can save animals from extinction
Risks
Can result in lack of genetic variation
Ethical concerns
Concerns with use on humans
Nucleus of adult cell and of unfertilised egg cell removed
Nucleus of adult cells placed in egg cell
Given electric shock - causes it to fuse and start dividing to form an embryo
Cloned embryo implanted into a host mother
Offspring identical to adult cell
Animal cloning
Embryo cloning
Starts with an early embryo (undifferentiated/unspecialised cells)
Each embryo is divided into several individual cells
Each cell grows into an identical embryo
Embryo transferred to host mother (given hormones)
Identical offspring are not related to their host mother
Advantages
More offspring possible than in normal circumstances
Increase good quality offspring
Disadvantages
Leads to lack of variation
May become more prone to disease
Plant cloning
Cuttings
A small cutting is taken form the adult plant and replanted
Tissue culture
Small piece of tissue is taken form the parent plant
Plant hormones and nutrients are added to the tissue which is grown in agar gel into a larger mass
the different mixture of plant hormones and nutrients results in many identical plants
Plantlet clones grow on
Disadvantages
Expensive
Advantages
Guaranteed growth of many identical plants
Helps preserve endangered species
What is cloning?
An individual that it genetically identical to its parent