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WHAT IS HUMAN TRAFFICKING? - Coggle Diagram
WHAT IS HUMAN TRAFFICKING?
is a global crime that trades in people and exploits them for profit. People of all genders, ages and backgrounds can become victims of this crime, which occurs in every region of the world. Traffickers use violence, fraudulent employment agencies, and fake promises of education and job opportunities to trick, coerce and deceive their victims.
HOW IS HUMAN TRAFFICKING DIFFERENT FROM MIGRANT SMUGGLING?
Both are illegal activities that treat people as commodities. While trafficking in persons is a crime that aims to exploit a person who may or may not be a migrant, smuggling of migrants does not, by definition, involve the exploitation of the migrant.
WHO ARE THE VICTIMS OF HUMAN TRAFFICKING?
Victims of trafficking can be any age, any gender and from anywhere in the world.
WHY ARE PEOPLE TRAFFICKED?
Traffickers target people who are marginalized or in difficult circumstances. Undocumented migrants and people who are in desperate need of employment are vulnerable, particularly to trafficking for forced labour. Victims may be forced or tricked into an exploitative situation which constitutes trafficking after the traffickers uses violence, deception or blackmail.
WHAT IF A TRAFFICKED PERSON CONSENTS?
According to the UN Trafficking in Persons Protocol, the consent of the victim to the exploitation is irrelevant when the threat of or use of force, deception, coercion, abuse of power or position of vulnerability is used.
WHO ARE THE TRAFFICKERS?
UNODC’s 2020 Global Report on Trafficking in Persons shows that almost two-thirds of people convicted of human trafficking offences in 2018 were male, although participation of women is higher compared with other crimes. About two per cent of the total convictions involved traffickers who were under the age of 18. Eastern Europe and Central Asia continues to convict far more females than males, with 80 per cent of convictions involving women, while in Central America and in East Asia, males and females were convicted in near-equal shares in 2018.
HOW WIDESPREAD IS HUMAN TRAFFICKING?
human trafficking occurs in every region of the world. States can be the origin, transit or destination country for victims, or even a combination of all.
WHAT ARE THE MOST COMMONLY IDENTIFIED FORMS OF HUMAN TRAFFICKING?
These include exploitation in the sex, entertainment and hospitality industries, and as domestic workers or in forced marriages. Victims are forced to work in factories, on construction sites or in the agricultural sector without pay or with an inadequate salary, living in fear of violence and often in inhumane conditions.
WHAT TYPES OF INDUSTRIES ARE AFFECTED BY HUMAN TRAFFICKING?
No industry or economic sector is immune to human trafficking.
WHAT IS THE ROLE OF TRANSNATIONAL ORGANISED CRIME GROUPS IN HUMAN TRAFFICKING?
The criminals who engage in trafficking range from organized criminal groups to individuals operating on their own or in small groups on an opportunistic basis. The more organized groups are commonly involved in other serious crimes, such as trafficking in drugs, arms and other illicit commodities, as well as corruption and the bribery of officials.
DO MANY TRAFFICKERS GET CAUGHT AND CONVICTED?
While most countries have had comprehensive trafficking in persons legislation in place for some years, the number of convictions has only recently started to grow
IS THERE A LEGAL INSTRUMENT TO COMBAT HUMAN TRAFFICKING?
The main international legal instrument is the UN Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, especially Women and Children, that was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in 2000. The Trafficking Protocol, which supplements the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime, is the only international legal instrument addressing human trafficking as a crime.
WHAT IS THE ROLE OF TECHNOLOGY IN HUMAN TRAFFICKING?
Traffickers have integrated technology into their business model at every stage of the process, from recruiting to exploiting victims. Many children are approached by traffickers on social media.
WHAT DOES UNODC DO TO COMBAT HUMAN TRAFFICKING?
It provides expertise and knowledge to UN Member States and assists them with the ratification and implementation of the UN Protocol on Trafficking. Its crime prevention and criminal justice experts support the development of national laws and policies on human trafficking, train and mentor a wide range of officials, including police officers, border control guards, labour inspectors and victim support specialists.