Type 2 Diabetes

Worldwide 50% of Indigenous people aged 35 and up have diabetes. In some Indigenous community's diabetes is now considering an Epidemic Proportion (United Nations DESA-Indigenous Affairs)

Sedentary lifestyle, and the intake of a diet that is high in sugar, fats, and salt (Potter, Perry et al., 2018)

Social Determinants of Health

A complex set of influences or circumstances that determine the level of health for people (Loopie Reading and Wien,2009)

Physical Environments (Geography, Housing, Food Security)

Individual Health Practices and Coping Skills

Income and Social Status (Income and its Distribution)

Colonization

The E4E initiative identified a great need for understanding the relationship between Canada's colonial history and how Indigenous people experience both diabetes and the health care system (Crowshoe, Henderson et al., 2019)

Developing and maintaining health-enhancing behaviors requires not only health education but also social policies related to income security, product marketing, and supportive environments that make healthy choices (Potter, Perry et al, 2018)

Guiding principles orient clinician towards social factors that affect Indigenous patients with type 2 diabetes

Colonization is the predominant determinant of health for Indigenous people

Pattern of food use

Personal coping habits

Physical activities

Indigenous people are3-5 times more likely to be type 2 diabetic (United Nations DESA-Indigenous Affairs)

Indigenous people living rurally have a higher rate (Potter, Perry et al., 2018)

Built-in environmental such as housing, food security and community planning. (Potter, Perry et al., 2018).

It is the greatest determinant of health because it influences most other determinants (Potter, Perry et al., 2018)

Indigenous people are one of many that have a much higher rates of poverty compared to the average Canadian (Potter, Perry et al., 2018)

Smoking, drinking alcohol and eating unhealthy food

no access to gyms/physical activities

Insufficient access to nutritious food