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The Urban and Agrarian Land Reform (in South America and mainly Brazil) -…
The Urban and Agrarian Land Reform (in South America and mainly Brazil)
Urban Reform (MTST)
Nationalization of land
Development of verticalization programs
Defense of popular housing
Construction of livable housing
Expropriation of abadoned properties
Periphery reform: fights for homeless, risk area habitants and marginalized communities right of housing
Contemporary scenary
Sources of issues
Rooted land exportation; land regulations
Disrespect for labour rights
Labor exploration in the fields
Increase use of pesticides
Portuguese occupation in Brazilian lands in 16th century: beggining of the normalization of exportation and slavery
Brazilian dictatorship (1964-1985) created new selected agrarian system, excluding the landworkers of their rights
Right wing governments in power: implement damaging laws + military threat
Consequences
Slave labor, mainly in countryside
Physical and emotinal damage in workers (cancer due to the use of pesticides)
Increase in poverty and massive inequality: lack of job opporunities
Prolongation of systematic racism, social inequality and wealth distribution
Repression of the working class, violence towards workers
Practical examples and implementations
Social movements within spaces that reject minorities and the land revolution
MST (Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra): Landless Workers' Movement
MTST (Movimento dos Trabalhadores Sem-Teto): The Homeless Workers Movement
Agrarian Land Reform (MST)
Methods
Occupation and distribution of land concentration
Structural changes: voting and electing citizens of the social movements
Rejetion of capitalist system of production
Expansion of popular social movements
Local agricultural commercialization (direct sale of local food produce)
Use of available natural resources
Outcomes
Adequate living conditions for workers and countryside residents
Defense of social rights: Social changes: equal distribution of wealth, racial and class equality
Democratization of land: end of private land monopoly
Preservation of the environment
Strengthening of the national domestic market
Land occupations contest against authoritarianism
Lack of agression from hierarchical classes
Disciplines: Political science, History, Economics