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22yo girl doesn't want to eat and locks herself in her room
dx:…
22yo girl doesn't want to eat and locks herself in her room
dx: DEPRESSION
Rizka Aulia Hanif
1908260097
Etiology
potential biological risk factors that have been identified for depression in the elderly. Neurodegenerative diseases (especially Alzheimer disease and Parkinson disease), stroke, multiple sclerosis, seizure disorders, cancer
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Diagnose
Symptoms history
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Evaluation
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Electrolytes, including calcium, phosphate, and magnesium levels
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Dexamethasone suppression test (Cushing disease, but also positive in depression)
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Pathophysiology
Clinical and preclinical trials suggest a disturbance in central nervous system serotonin (5-HT) activity as an important factor.
Other neurotransmitters implicated include norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA), glutamate, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF).
Vascular lesions may contribute to depression by disrupting the neural networks involved in emotion regulation—in particular, frontostriatal pathways that link the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, anterior cingulate, and dorsal cingulate.
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Prognosis
Major depression has very high morbidity and mortality contributing to high rates of suicide. Even though effective drug treatment is available, nearly 50% may not initially respond
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Complication
Depression can aggravate medical comorbidities such as diabetes, hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and coronary artery disease. Depressed individuals are at high risk of developing self-destructive behavior as a coping mechanism. Depression is often very debilitating if left untreated.
Individuals with depression are at a high risk of developing comorbid anxiety disorders and substance use disorders, which further increases their risk of suicide.