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RELATIVE CLAUSES - Coggle Diagram
RELATIVE CLAUSES
:green_cross: FUNCTIONS OF RELATIVE CLAUSES
It is sometimes called an “
adjective
clause
” because it functions like an adjective.
It gives more
information
about a
noun
.
always
begins
with a
“relative pronoun,”
which substitutes for a noun, a noun phrase, or a pronoun when sentences are combined.
Example: I like the person. The person was nice to me.
-> I like the
person
who
was nice to me.
:green_cross: RELATIVE PRONOUNS
Who
I told you about the woman
who
lives next door.
The woman
who
is talking to your mother is my aunt.
Which
Do you see the cat
which
is lying on the roof.
He can't come to my party,
which
makes me sad.
Whose
Do you know the boy
whose
mother is a nurse?
I like this city
whose
landscape is fantastic.
Whom
I was invited by the professor
whom
I met at the conference.
That
substitute for
who/whom/which
in
Defining
relative clauses
I need to meet the boy
who
is my friend’s son.
I know the girl
whom
I spoke to.
She works for a company
which
makes cars.
Noun = People + Objects
He told me
the places and people that
he had seen in London.
NOT
be used
in
Non-defining
relative clauses
after
prepositions
Noun = superlatives (the first, the only...)
It was the
first time that
I heard of it.
Noun = indefinite pronouns (anything, someone...)
These books are all
that
my sisters left me.
:green_cross: RELATIVE ADVERBS
When
= at/in/on which = that
I remember the day
when/on which
we first met.
Why
= for which = that
Tell me the reason
why/for which
you came home late.
Where
= at/in/on which = that...at/in/on
That is the chair
where/on which
she is sitting.
That is the chair
that
she is sitting
on
.
:green_cross: DEFINING &
NON DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES
Defining: Necessary information + no commas
I called my brother
who lives in London.
Non defining: Extra information + between commas
My brother,
who lives in London
, is older.
:green_cross:
NOTES
Quantifiers + of which/whom
of whose + Noun
He was carrying his belongings,
many of which
were broken.
Daisy has three brothers,
all of whom
are teachers.
She has a teddy bear,
both of whose
eyes are brown.
Prepositions in relative clauses
Formal: The man
about whom
you are talking is my brother.
Informal: The man
whom
you are talking
about
is my brother.
Relative clauses & Noun phrases
Relative clauses:
Give me
the plate which
is on the table.
Noun phrase:
I don't know
which one is better.