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Humanisim and knowledge
Humanism was a cultural movement developed between the 14th and 16th centuries. In the rich city estates of the northern part of the Italian peninsula.
Before this there was a God-centred world view (of medieval chirtians). God was the explain to every event humans couldn't explain but then the started to have a anthropocientric view. The man was the highest creature.
Main characteristics of Humanism
Anthropocentrism: Humans were at the centre of historical events. It was an individualist movent. Humans were considered capable of making decisions using reason and inteligence.
The revival of Antiquity: They revised classical thinking in order to make it compatible with Christians values.
The love of Knowledge: Humanists believed the prestige of humans also depended on their aducation. Humanists were experts on various fields. Humanists encouraged the use of Latin and Greek. Humanists thinkenrs and artists were supported by patrons
Academies:Humanists created academies to teach their ideas and develop new ideas. the most well known was in florence where the epicentres of Humanism. It was sponsored by the Medici family which governed the city
Other important Humanist form outside Florence were
Erasmus of Rotterdam: Born in the Netherlands. He criticised the vices of society, especially those at the heart of the Church. He called for reform in a individual´s freedom choice
Sir Thomas More: Important English Lawyer and author. He defended the right of individual conscience against the power of state
Cardinal Cisneros: He set up the university of Alcalá de Henares as a centre of theology
Humanism in Europe:
The spread of knowledge: Humanist and knowledge ideas spread faster in the Modern Age than in the Middle ages. It was spread through books written by hand. By clergymen in monasteries
The Printing Press: It was invented around the 1440 by Johannes Gutenberg. Books were produced more easily and ideas spread more quickly. It improved literacy and intellectual life.
Printing preses and universities in the 15th century
Scientific knowlodge: During the Renaissance humans became interested in understanding the world sp they revived the ancient Greece and Roman metod which was based on observation and experimentation. The aim was to find a well-reasoned explanation and provide empirical evidence.
Astronomy: In the 16 century Nicolas Copernicus developed the heliocentric theory ( The earth and the other plants orbited around the sun ) and not on the contrary as the geocentric theory said. Galileo Galilei proved it using his invention, the telescope. But the church didn't acept it.
Medicine: The following advances were made:
The theory of pulmonary circulation of blood by Miguel Servet
The treaty of anatomy by Vesalius, who was born in Flanders.
The development of pharmacology by Swiss physician Paracelsus
In the 17th century the microscope was invented making advances
Geography: During this period it was established that the Earth was spherical. Modern cartography also began. Straight lines called Parallels and Meridians were used to locate every place in the world
