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Chap 10: FOOD PRODUCTION AND THE ENVIRONMENT - Coggle Diagram
Chap 10: FOOD PRODUCTION AND
THE ENVIRONMENT
How Can We Improve Food Security?
Producing food more sustainably
The Government’s Role
Controlling food prices vs. food subsides
Implementing health measures
Aid local, sustainable, organic food production and distribution
Educate farmers
Encourage Community Supported Agriculture (CSA) programs and vertical farming
Reducing poverty and malnutrition
Relying on locally sourced food
Food security & why difficult to attain
Factors influencing food supply
poverty
Cause of Food
Insecurity
Many people suffer from
chronic hunger
malnutrition
Low income, less developed countries
carbohydrate grains
very little protein
Food deserts in
developed countries
fat
sugar
salt
little protein
2 billion people suffer from a
deficiency of micronutrients (vitamin A, iron, and iodine)
don’t get enough vitamins
and minerals
overnutrition
when food energy intake exceeds
energy use and causes excess body fat.
People are underfed and underweight and those who are overfed and overweight share similar health problems
by 2050, need to feed at least
9.7 billion
people live in poverty and experience food insecurity
war
bad weather
climate change
effects of industrialized food production
How is food produced ?
Food Production
croplands: rangelands, pastures, feedlots; fisheries and aquaculture
organic agriculture
organic fertilizer
biological pest control
no genetically modified seeds
regionally and locally oriented
Food demand and consumption
Croplands: New and hardier crop varieties
Meat production: feedlots rangelands and pastures
Aquaculture: produces more fish and is the
world’s fastest growing type
Crop production
Industrialized/high input agriculture
heavy equipment, fossil fuel, pesticides, monoculture --> vulnerable to disease
Traditional/low input agriculture
solar energy and human labor, polyculture
Green Revolution
Large amounts of water; synthetic fertilizers and pesticides
Plant monocultures of selectively bred crops
Multiple cropping
Produce Food More
Sustainably
reducing the harmful effects of Industrialized food production
eliminating government subsidies
Efficient resource use
Reducing Soil Erosion & Increasing Soil Fertility
Soil conservation
Alley cropping, agroforestry
Organic fertilizer use
Reducing irrigation dependence
Open-ocean/polyaquaculture
Re-circulating aquaculture systems
Switch to organic farming,
Protect Crops from
Pests More Sustainably
biological pest controls
use
synthetic chemicals to kill pests
Advantages
Food supplies are increased
Crop yields and farming profits increase
Human lives have been saved from insect transmitted disease
Newer pesticides are safer, more effective, faster
Disadvantages
genetic development of pesticide
resistance
Long term usage diminishes effectiveness
Insecticides kill the pest’s natural enemies
causes pollution
wildlife and human health are affected
selective
chemical pesticides
mix of cultivation techniques