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M5.1: Galleon Trade (1565 - 1770s/1815). Ship-based global trade in silk…

- - - - Beginning: 1565 - 1571 - Formal colonization begins in the Philippines
      - End: 1770s - 1815 - A new economic system is introduced in the 1770s and Mexico wages a war of independence against Spain, leading to the end of the galleons in 1815
- - - - Ruling class: Leads alliances. Arbitrates debts, special privileges accdg to noble status
      - Free class
      - Enslaved class
- - - - more people turn to agricultural labor. problem is that on monopoly farms, food was not something they could grow.
      - shift to cash economy
    - - allow more mestizos and indios to participate
    - - Growth of cities
        
        Increasing demand for workers
        
        More professionals who emerge
        
        More schools open
  - - - eg Ordinances of good gov
    - - establish a police force: guardia civil
      - control areas that they werent able to colonize: moro south, cordilleras
- - - - Aims
        
        to gain equal protection as citizens of spain
        
        province of spain
        
        more liberal rights: press freedom, speech,
      - Instruments
        
        Newspaper: La solidaridad would contain their ideas for reforms and publish them in spain
        
        Organization: La liga filipina to campaign for reforms from the Philippines
      - Leadership group upper middle classes: ilustrados
  - - - Aims
        
        Political independence from spain through revolution
        
        Civic and moral aims (see kartilla): in general, a more equal society
      - Leadership group: lower middle and lower classes
      - Instruments
        
        Organizational structure
        
        Newspaper: Kalayaan
        
        Moral code: Kartilla
      - Revolution is declared in 1896
    - - Aims
        
        Independence but with a government that looked more like modern western states
      - Other events
        
        Exile to hongkong
        
        1898: Spanish american war erupts and the US wants to destroy the spanish navy in the Philippines
        
        After this, they refuse to leave
- - - - They sail west and find the Americas, they build a colony in mexico and extract silver from those mines (acapulco silver)
        
        To find the spice islands, they continue to sail west and land in the Philippines. They find soemthing interesting. We already have access to another valuable oriental (asian) trade item: silk and also porcelain from china. They find that large volumes of chinese ships go to Manila
        
        Why did they stay?
        
        Economic: they wanted spices but found other valuable trade items already circulating in the Philippines
        
        Political: They wanted to control more territory than their European rivals
        
        Socio-cultural/spiritual: Spanish were crusaders and they used the christian mission to convert people as a justification for colonization.