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PARLIAMENTARIANISM AND ENLIGHTENED DESPOTISM, image, image, image, image,…
PARLIAMENTARIANISM AND ENLIGHTENED DESPOTISM
ABSOLUTISM AND PARLIAMENTARIANISM
18th century
marks the end of the Modern Age
beginning of the Contemporary Age
ABSOLUTE MONARCHIES
supported
superiority of the king’s power
over all others
characteristics
growing centralisation
political
administrative decisions
in the royal courts and the monarchy’s government
PARLIAMENTARY MONARCHIES
developed
institutional and legal systems
controlled
monarch power
through the action of the
courts
parliaments
England
After the Glorious Revolution (1688)
absolutist claims of the Stuart dynasty
defeated
Mary II and her husband William III of Orange
new nonarchs
signed
Bill of Rights
limited the monarch power
PARLIAMENTARY REPUBLICAN POLITICAL SYSTEMS
governed
members of the nobility
common
in the Holy Empire
Italian Peninsula
United Provinces
own colonial empire
ENLIGHTENED DESPOTISM
was a variant of absolutism
inspired by the Enlightenment
middle 18th century
Important Enlightenment thinkers
worked as
government advisers
ministers under absolutist monarchs
Prussia
Spain
Russia
France
Enlightenment ideas
help them govern
more efficiently
legitimise their power
ADDITIONAL REFORMS
Political reforms
Regalist reforms
Economic reforms
increase income
CATHERINE ‘THE GREAT’ (1729–1796)
empress of Russia
between 1762 and 1796
example of englithened despotism
contact with the most important Enlightenment thinkers
implemented the reformist ideas
reforms in central and provincial government
created different courts for
noblemen
middle class
free peasants
