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Factors influencing dental health and hygiene, Introduction to Dental…
Factors influencing dental health and hygiene
Oral disease in Ireland (Irish dental health Foundation)/worldwide (WHO)
Prevalence of dental disease in children and adults in Ireland and worldwide, affects 3.5 billion people worldwide (WHO, 2022)
WHO dental health- The influence of dental disease on overall systemic well-being, Effect on physical and mental health
Dental caries caused by build-up of microbial biofilm (plaque) turning ingested sugars into acid which dissolve tooth enamel overtime
Risk factors associated with dental disease (diet, tobacco, oral hygiene, socio-economic status)
Types of dental disease-dental caries and periodontal disease
Bacteria which cause dental caries and periodontal disease- streptococcus mutans (gram positive coccus, Found in the human oral cavity.
The History of dental care
Positive effects of nutrition on dental health
Calcium in cheese, milk and yoghurt strengthens tooth enamel preventing tooth decay.
Fluoride added to water systems proven to strengthen tooth enamel
Effect of fluoridation on healthy tooth development of children- Proportion of children caries free increased significantly in Ireland when this was introduced over a number of years.0.6-0.8 mg/L is currently added to water.
People with fructose intolerance are seen to have low caries incidence
Vitamin C is responsible for strengthening the connective tissues of the gums. Deficiency leads to periodontal disease-Scurvy
Fluoridation of water systems shown to have a positive systemic effect of children who have not yet developed teeth
Calcium causes remineralisation which builds up tooth enamel
Phosphorus helps the body store and absorb calcium
Phosphorus and magnesium help the body store and absorb calcium
Sugarless gum encourages flow of saliva preventing dental caries
Public health strategies to improve dental health
Irish water provides fluoridated water to the public through piped water supplies
Mechanism by which fluoride works:
Fluoride + Hydroxyapatite = fluorapatite. Fluorapatite is resistant to acid in plaque
Benefits of fluorine, It has a topical effect. It can be systemic in teeth pre-eruption
Ireland began to fluoridate water supply in 1964
Fluoride strengthens tooth enamel by remineralisation, making it more resistant to decay
The level of fluorine in Irish water is set at 0.6-0.8 ppm.
The department of health keeps the policy of water fluoridation under constant review
EU law sets a maximum limit value of 1.5 mg/L of fluorine
Fluorosis- caused by over exposure to fluoride, discoloration of tooth enamel
Dental hygiene products
Ingredients in toothpaste effect of sweeteners, saccharin, xylitol and sorbitol.. Saccharin is 300 times sweeter than sugar and does not cause tooth decay. This is added to toothpaste to increase flavour
Toothpaste contains fluoride which protects tooth enamel, Excess fluoride causes fluorosis.
Natural toothcare products e.g ecodenta made from coconut oil versus regular drugstore colegate
Substitution of artificial sweeteners for natural sweeteners in toothpaste
Effect of the use of therapeutic agents Methyl paraben, ethyl paraben, sodium benzoate
Coconut and charcoal as natural teeth cleaning products
Use of turnip and soot before the development of toothpaste and dental hygiene products.
Types of dental products available, Toothbrushes (plastic, bamboo, charcoal), toothpaste (Natural, artificial), dental floss (biodegradable floss made from corn and food grade vegetable wax, traditional floss made from crude oil)
Childhood caries
Parent's educational status- Children with parents with low education tend to have a higher prevalence of dental disease
Breastfeeding versus Formula- studies illustrate that children who are breastfeed have stronger protection against dental disease
Children's dental health is affected by a number of factors e.g Biological and genetic endowment, correct use of dental care, demographic and physical attributes.
Parents health status and family function very important in younger children.
Dietetic behaviours have long-lasting affects on children's dental health recommended upper limit of 25g of added sugar per day (WHO)
Effects of artificial sweeteners in children's dental health products
Public preventative measures- Free school dental scheme
Negative effects of nutrition on dental health
Acidogenic sugars, glucose, fructose, sucrose causes reduces pH in the mouth dissolving tooth enamel causing cavities
The effect of tannic acid in tea and coffee on dental health- Tannic acid adheres to plaque causing teeth to stain.
Sugar tax on soft drinks introduced in 2018- will this have an effect on dental caries prevalence in Ireland in the coming years
Sugar and dental caries previous studies: Turku and Vipeholm illustrate negative effect of sugar on dental health
Diets low in sugar prevents dental caries. Movement of low income countries to a westernised diet results in an increase in dental disease prevalence
No more than 10% of energy consumption should come from free sugars (WHO)
Introduction to Dental health