Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Osteoarthritis, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Osteoporosis - Coggle Diagram
Osteoarthritis
Monitoring
Can be diagnosed without tests if meet NICE guideline
Blood tests rule out other causes
X-rays asses joint damage but not severity
A joint disease resulting from breakdown of the protective cartilage at the ends of bones.
Injury or wear and tear can lead to permanent changes to the joint structure.
One bone may rub against the other and bony growths may develop. The joint may produce more synovial fluid in an attempt to cushion the joint, but this can cause swelling and reduce movement.
Symptoms
NICE guideline: 45 and older, and don't experience morning joint stiffness for 30 minutes or experience joint pain
Pain, stiffness, tenderness, grating swelling and bone spurs
Risk factors: Obesity increases strain on joints, age, family history, being a women (especially post menopause) and previous injury.
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Treatments
Lifestyle adjustments
Medication: DMARDS, steroids, pain relief
Physio/exercise
Surgery
Assistive tech
Causes
Affects less than 1% of the population
An autoimmune disease where the immune system attacks synovial cells lining the joint capsule, inflammation releases chemicals that damage the bones, cartilage, tendons and ligaments. Joint may lose shape or be destroyed
Risk factors: family history of the disease, being a women and smoking.
Symptoms
Joint pain and stiffness may be more severe in mornings
Affects any joint, but usually starts in hands or feet
Redness, heat, fever, fatigue and weight loss
Lifestyle adjustment
Comfortable shoes
Pacing activities
Maintain healthy weight
Monitoring
Blood tests to check for inflammation and rule out other causes
X-rays and MRI check for structural changes
Osteoporosis
Lifestyle changes
Lose weight if overweight
High calcium and vitamin D intake
Weight bearing exercises
Physiotherapy or resistance training
Stop smoking
Causes
A malfunction of the skeletal system in which bone becomes less dense and therefore weaker.
The osteoblast cells (create new bone) become less active than the osteoclast cells (break down bone). Bone is being removed faster than it is being replaced
Risk factors: female, post menopause, low calcium, family history, excessive alcohol, anorexia, low vitamin D, lack of exercise, smoking, old age, Asian or Caucasasian, low estrogen or testosterone
Symptoms
Few symptoms
Easily fractured or broken bones
Possible loss in height, spinal curve and back pain if spine affected
Medication
Bisophosphonate
Slows bone break down. Effective, but takes 6-12 months to work
SERMs
Mimics oestrogen, encourages bone density
HRT
Treats symptoms of menopause. Increases bone density, but has risks of cancer and blood clots
Monitoring
DEXA bone scan
X-ray passed through bobe. Level of absorption shows bone density
Quick, painless, accurate, lower radiation than standard x-ray
Not suitable for pregnant
Blood tests
Check mineral and hormone levels