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Introduction To Computer Systems - Coggle Diagram
Introduction To Computer Systems
The definiton of a computer is an electronic device for storing and processing data typically in binary form, according to instrudtions given to it in a variable program.
Between
computer hardware
and
computer software
is :
COMPUTER HARDWARE
It refers to the physical components of the computer that can be touched and seen.
Computer hardware wear out over time
Computer hardware is tangible.
-Example : Keyboard, Mouse, Monitor, RAM, ROM, CPU, etc.
COMPUTER SOFTWARE
Computer software does not wear out over time but can be affected by bugs or glitches.
Computer software in intangible.
Example : WindowsOS, Linux, Word, Excel, Powerpoint, etc.
It refers to the set of intructions written using various programming languages that help control hardware.
The components of a central processing unit (CPU) in Von Neumann Architecture :
A central processing unit (CPU) ; it contains the control unit (CU), arithmetic/logic unit (ALU) and interface unit
-ALU: arithmetic/logic unit
*Perform arithmetic and Boolean logical calculations
-CU: control unit
*Controls processing of intructions
*Controls movement of data within the CPU
-Interface unit
*Moves instruction and data between the CPU and other hardware components
*Bus: bundle of wires that carry signals and power between different component.
The characteristics of the following computer generation:
First Generation: Vacuum tubes
Vacuum Tubes for circuitry and magnetic drum for memory, and were humongous, taking up entire rooms.
Second Generation: Transistors
The transistor was far superior to the vacuum tube, allowing computer to become smallers, faster, cheaper, more energy-efficient and more reliable than vacuum tubes.
Fourth Generation: Microprocessors
-These computers used VLSI (very large scale integration), LSI (large scale integration) and SSi (small scale integration or simply microprocessor).
-These computers are very small in size, have fast speed and consume less power.
-GUI is introduced in these computers.
Third Generations: Integrated circuits
Transistors were miniaturized and places on silicon chips, called semiconductors,which drastically increased the speed and efficiency of computers.
Fifth Generation: Artificial Intelligence
The aim of this generation is to eliminate the need of programming. This device can have human-like traits. The device can also learn by themselves and can improve with a passage of time.
The principle of Von Neumann Architecture is:
Data & Instruction are both stored in the main memory while being processed.
Sequential processing of instruction.
Binary data processing
Consists of CPU, memory, & I/O system