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The Greek World: Survey and Persian Wars - Coggle Diagram

- - - - persia undertaking westward expansion (was greek world next step?)
        
        evidence: record of taking over Media, Lydia, Egypt
        
        evidence: JV fine: Perisan was world empire
        Ken Webb: unstoppable dynamic force pushing empire to continue its expansion
    - - ionia was gateway to greek and access to Aegean sea persia will want this
        
        persia sent troops to ionia some fled, slavery, forced to army, had to obey persia pay taxes, persia had control
        
        ionia wanted freedom as persia had control, hampered trade, "ruled their city absolutely"
      - context
      - the revolt
        
        darius failed attack on Scythia (weak), Persia failed attack on Naxos (aristogoras lead this and was scared of persian reaction), aristogoras talks to histiaeus and they both agree on revolt
        
        athens and eretria agree to assist
        
        athens now target: "remember the athenians" darius got servant to repeat 3x day
        
        attacked and burnt sardis, eventually greek lost
        
        evidence: detailed account between histiaeus and aristogras in herodotus histories
      - outcome
        
        "even if persian invasion of Greece before revolt was possible after revolt it was certain" - Ken Webb
        
        sparked darius decision to invade - Ken webb
  - - - went back to arguing between city states
        
        trade war with aegina
      - rise of themistocles and navy
        
        rise in democracy and strategoi
        
        used silver money thing
      - increase in ostracism
      - beef with aristides and themistocles and ostracise Aristides but they squashed it when threat approached
      - after persias warning formed hellenic league
        
        lead by sparta
      - delphic oracle advice: themistocles convinced wood was navy fleet
      - themisticles was key figure encouraging preparation
      - prepared for like 3 yrs?
      - partying and celebrating
    - - darius dies and Xerxes takes over
        
        puts down revolts
      - sent people to greek to medise
      - built boat bridges across hellespont
      - built canal across mt athos peninsula and storage posts on coast to supply army
        
        took 2 yrs
      - Xerxes invasion: wants revenge, imperialism, economics, hubris, avenge father and restore persia
        
        herodotus quotes: obtain vegenance for wrongs commited against my father and persia
      - built/ improved roads and bridges for troops and vehicles
      - prepared for like 10 yrs
  - - - darius angry at athens and eretria
        
        ken webb: athens was wealthy, valuable, didnt wanna destroy it but use puppet ruler Hippias (former Athenian tyrant)
      - battle
        
        persian landed at bay of marathon with 25000 + 5000 cavalry (herodotus)
        
        Miltiades ordered to meet Persia at Marathon 40 Km NE of athens, on the Marathon plain of northeastern Attica
        
        persia on plain of Marathon (between great Marsh and bank of river Charaelnos) vs athens in Mt Agriliki (mt = advantage)
        
        darius sent people to medise, some submitted,
        
        athens asked sparta for help they rejected so arrived with 10,000 hoplite soliders
        
        greek intiatied battle: thinned phalanx and made line wide to match perisan numbers + ran at them
      - reason for vicotry
        
        miltiaides
        
        skilled leader, time, knowledge and experience,
        
        armour
        
        persian armour light: wicker shield,
        
        greek: greaves (leg cover), cuirass (body cover), and heavy shield,
        
        When hoplite warriors “put that helmet at the rim of the shield, they were invulnerable” (Steven Pressfield)
        
        terrain
        
        morale vs persia
        
        greek fighting for nation, persia no motive and forced, multi lingual and different fighting,
        
        greek fight for life defeat would have meant slavery or worse (ken Webb)
        
        The Greeks most hated slavery… they were determined not to allow themselves to be taken over by a foreign power without a fight” (Richard Billows)
        
        divine assistance
    - - challenge: hereodotus says miltiaides success may have been exagerated for his son cimon
      - JAR Munro, JV fine all praise him
    - - 192 athens die
      - 6400 persian die
      - sparta commend them for all they did - herodotus
      - pindar poet calls athens "city of godlike men"
      - athens reputation
      - AR Burn: invader temporarily weakened, Greek incurable optimism
  - - - important in navy
      - success in salamis lured persia into salamis strait
      - herodotus: "regarded by many as wisest of all the Greek"
    - - spartan
      - lead hellenic league
      - knew he would die but went to battle and held off persia so greek ships could move
      - took 300 men with sons to fight persia
    - - maintained unity in platea which was impressivr
      - faced issue of food and poisoned water
      - still won
    - - listened to themist at salamis
      - after salamis stopped themist fighting persia in asia and destroying bridges as it woudlve left persians in greek