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06 SPAIN: THE BOURBON REFORMS AND THEIR LIMITS, image, image, image, image…
06 SPAIN: THE BOURBON REFORMS AND THEIR LIMITS
1 THE WAR OF SUCCESSION AND ITS CONSEQUENCES
Felipe V had more supporters in the Crown of Castilla and the archduke in the Crown of Aragón, that they were uprisings in his favour
European war ended with the signing of the Peace of Utrecht in 1713.
1705: civil war between supporters of the Habsburgs and the Bourbons.
At 1701, several kingdoms within the Hague Alliance declared war on France and on Feliepe V, causing an international war.
French army won the war
Hispanic Monarchy lost its European territories, in exchange for being recognised as king of Spain and the Indies.
A war startesd called the war of succession
Carlos II gave his reign to Felipe of bourbon
TERRITORIAL CONSEQUECES OF THE TREATIES OF UTRECHT AND RASTATT
Civil war lastet until 1715
Felipe punished the territories
Use nueva planta decrees
Civil and comercial law was maintained
2 POLITICAL REFORMS
FELIPE V (1683–1746)
Felipe V needed the support of the elites to ensure that decisions
old Habsburg model of government was replaced by cabinets
Felipe V and his successors tried to turn the royal court into the single centre of political decision-making
were formed by ministers or secretarios de despacho
began evolving towards the model of enlightened despotism
In terms of territory, after imposition of the Nueva Planta decrees, the Aragonese institutions were mostly replaced by new ones
Spanish Bourbons imposed a model of absolute monarchy inspired on French absolutist system at middle of the 18th century
the fueros, laws, institutions, tax regimes and customs of Navarra and the Basque provinces remained.
In America, the viceroyalties of New Granada and Río de la Plata were created
Regalist policies carried out in the Church
3 FOREIGN POLICY
SPANISH POSSESSIONS DURING THE REIGN OF CARLOS III
BOURBON MONARCHS IN THE 18TH CENTURY
FELIPE V (1724–1746)
FERNANDO VI (1746–1759)
LUIS I (1724)
CARLOS III (1759–1788)
CARLOS IV (1788–1808)
FELIPE V (1700–1724)
When the war ended, the Treaty of Paris confirmed British hegemony in the world
and to take part in the Seven Years’ War (1756–1763)
to the British claims on the American dominions of the Hispanic Monarchy were known as ‘Family Compacts’
5 ECONOMIC REFORMS: TRADE
Foreign trade was more important, in particular with America
Between 1765 and 1778
Carlos III signed decrees approving free trade in various ports in the Iberian Peninsula and others from Spanish America.
which helped improve the situation in certain areas
Carlos III decreed the liberalisation of the grain trade in 1765
Bourbons promoted public works
Establishing the free trade of grain alongside poor harvests caused the price of bread to rise
Domestic trade was difficult due to the rugged Spanish terrain and the poor conditions of the roads
EARLY ATTEMPTS AT TRADE LIBERALISATION
During poor harvests, the authorities usually limited cereal exports and put a limit on bread prices
This stopped the poor from going hungry
some Enlightenment thinkers believed these measures were wrong
Putting these ideas into practice in 18th-century Spain created problems
This was the cause of popular revolts in 1766
6 ECONOMIC REFORMS: CRAFT
governments of the Hispanic Monarchy set up Royal manufacturers
they created many jobs
There was a very robust new textile sector in the Barcelona area dedicated to producing printed cotton fabrics.
ROYAL MANUFACTURERS :
Real Fábrica de Cristales de La Granja (Segovia)
Real Fábrica de Paños de Brihuega (Guadalajara)
Real Fábrica de Paños de San Fernando de Henares (Madrid)
Real Fábrica de Sedas de Talavera de la Reina (Toledo)
Real Fábrica de Paños de San Fernando de Henares (Madrid)
Real Fábrica de Hilados y Tejidos de Algodón (Ávila)
Real Fábrica de Tapices de Santa Bárbara (Madrid)
Enlightened governments favoured the popular or domestic craft industry
