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Luther Leads The Reformation - Coggle Diagram
Luther Leads The Reformation
Luther Challenges the Church
THE 95 THESES
1517 - Luther decided to take a stand against a friar named Johann Tetzel
Tetzel was raising money to rebuild St. Peter's Cathedral in Rome
he made the money by selling indulgences
Indulgences were not supposed to affect God's right to judge
Unfortunately, Tetzel was giving people the impression that if you bought one, you bought your way into heaven.
In response, Luther wrote the 95 Theses attacking the "pardon-merchants"
People took his words to a printer and soon, his words were all over Germany and started the Reformation
Led to the founding of Christian Churches who didn't accept the Pope's authority
Why was Martin Luther unhappy with the sales of indulgences?
He thought that they gave the wrong opinion to those who bought them
They weren't meant to pardon a sinner and let God judge them differently
What caused Luther's ideas to spread throughout Germany?
he wrote the 95 Theses attacking the "pardon-merchants"
he posted these on church doors and even invited other people to debate him
people took his words and took them to a printer
his name and ideas were soon advertised all over Germany
his actions began the Reformation (a movement for religious reform)
it led to the founding of Christian churches that did not accept the Pope's authority
LUTHER'S TEACHINGS
Soon after, Luther went on about criticizing other indulgences
He wanted full reform of the Church
His 3 main teachings rested on:
people could only receive salvation by faith in God's gift of forgiveness (Church taught that faith and "good works" were needed for salvation)
Church teachings should be clearly based on the words of the Bible (both the Church and the Pope's traditions were false authorities)
everyone with faith is equal (people did not need priests to interpret the bible for them)
MARTIN LUTHER
fear from a thunderstorm drove him to be a monk
even after entering the monastery, Luther felt lost, fearful, sinful, and rejected by God
he regularly prayed, confessed his sins, fasted, and did penace
however, he studied the Bible and Luther came to the conclusion that faith alone was the key to salvation
CHANGE
Luther taught at scripture at the University of Wittenburg
All he wanted to do was be a good Christian, not to lead a religious revolution
When Tetzel began selling false indulgences, he felt like something needed to change
Luther began the Revolution after writing the 95 Theses which led to the opening of Churchs that were not under the Pope's authority
https://korcula.net/martin-luther-reformation/#:~:text=Luther's%20belief%20in%20justification%20by,power%20to%20pardon%20people%20sins
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Causes of the Reformasion
Early Calls for Reform
John wycliffe and Jan hus denied that the pope had the right to worldly power. They also taught that the Bible had more authority than Church leaders did.
What were some of the forces that challenged the churchs authority by 1500?John Wycliffe and Jan Hus where the 2 biggest advocates for church reform.
John Wycliffe and Jan Hus
Cathlic church
What were some criticisms of the Catholic church before the Reformation?People where saying that the leaders of the catholic church where corrupt, Patronized the arts and spent most of the money on themselves.
many popes were too busy pursuing worldly affairs to have much time for spiritual duties.
For Example: Pope Alexander VI admitted that he had fathered several children
Many priests and monks were so poorly educated that they could barely read, which means that they couldn't teach people. They would also marry going against there priestly vows. They would also drink and gamble.
Continuity
Change
England Becomes Protestant
why did Henry the 8th want a divorce or annulment?
Henry wanted a divorce because he wanted and needed a son who could take over and he was convinced his wife couldn't aftee their daughter so he wanted a younger queen. The church denied the divorce, Henry asked the pope to annul his marriage, but the pope turned him down. The pope did not want to offend Catherine’s powerful nephew, the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V.
Elizabeth the 1st came to power during religious turmoil. how did she did with this question of religion?
-she wanted to turn her kingdom into Protestantism, this was against the Catholic church. Parliament followed Elizabeth’s wishes and set up the Church of England, or Anglican Church, with Elizabeth as its head. This was to be the only legal church in England.
henry the 8th had a daughter with his first wife catherine, who he divorced for Anne Boleyn but he ordered her execution after she could not produce a male heir.
Elizabeth’s constant need for money would carry over into the next reign and lead to bitter conflict between the monarch and Parliament
To please Protestants, priests in the Church of England were allowed to marry. They could deliver sermons in English, not Latin. To please Catholics, the Church of England
https://www.hmhco.com/content/hmof/social_studies/hmhss/na/gr9-12/hs_ws_ese_9780544673595_/#module_9_lesson01--england_becomes_protestant/https://www.hmhco.com/rce/toc/
The Response to Luther
The Pope's Threat
Church officials in Rome viewed Luther as a rebellious monk who needed to be punished. However, as Luther's ideas became more popular, the pope realized that Luther was a big threat.
In 1520, Pope Leo X issued a decree threatening Luther with excommunication unless he took back his previous statements which he did not. Instead, his students at wittenberg gathered around a bonfire as he threw the popes decree into the fire which he was then excommunicated.
The Emperor's Opposition
Holy Roman Emperor Charles V who was a devout Catholic also opposed Luther's teaching. Charles controlled a big empire including the German states.
Charles issued an imperial order, the Edict of Worms. It declared that Luther was an outlaw and heretic. This edict stated that no one in the empire was to give Luther food or shelter while also having all his books burned. Prince Frederick disobeyed the emperor and gave shelter to Luther for almost a year. During his time there, Luther translated the New Testament into German.
When Luther returned to Wittenberg. He found that many of his ideas were already being put into practice. Luther then decided that he and his followers would become a separate religious group, called Lutherans.
Many Northern German princes supported Lutheranism. Some princes genuinely shared Luther's beliefs, others liked Luther's idea for selfish reasons. They saw his teaching as an excuse to seize Church property and assert independence from Charles V.
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Why did Luther's teaching become popular and attract followers?
Many people were unhappy with the Church for political and economic reasons so they saw Luther's Protests as a way to challenge the Church's control.
Religion: A system of beliefs, symbols and rituals, that guide human behavior, gives meaning to life and unites believers into a community.
The biography of Martin Luther
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Martin-Luther