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Geography revision topics - Coggle Diagram
Geography revision topics
Key words and definitions
Distribution
he way in which something is shared out among a group or spread over an area
urbanisation
The population shift from a rural area to an urban area
migration
the movement of humans from one place to another
exploitation
the action or fact of treating someone unfairly in order to benefit from their work
economic development
an increase in a country's wealth and standard of living
derelict
in a very poor condition as a result of disuse and neglect.
regeneration
reversing economic, social, and physical decline in areas
Global ecosystems and their location and characteristics
Tundra
Very little vegetation (small bushes and thrushes)
Very cold (almost arctic)
Permafrost melts during the Summer
Taiga
Receives a very small amount of annual precipitation
a forest of conniferous trees (roots run deep to pass permafrost)
Tropical Rainforest
Along the equator
high levels of precipitation
Desert
less than 3ml of annual rain
little to no vegetation
Arctic
Desert-level annual precipitation
permafrost
North and south pole
deciduous forests
Clearly defined seasons
Made up of deciduous trees (leaves die during the autumnal months)
conniferous forests
no noticable seasons
trees are evergreen and the cycle of life is slower
suited to colder environments
Threats to the rain forest
Logging
tropical rainforests are cut down so that valuable trees like mahogany can be accessed and sold for timber to make furniture. Other trees are cut down for making paper products
Loss of biodiversity
Loss of habitat
Mining
Mining can impact the area's water drainage, pollute water with run-off from the mine, and threaten local communities, including indigenous people, by affecting the quality of the food supply.
Mining is a significant driver of deforestation
Farming
Cows produce methane
Trees cut down for space to plant food and plants
Palm oil industry
Road building
Trees cut down for roads
better accessibility to mining areas
Pollution
Economic development in the rainforest
Tourism
Introduce people to the environment without leaving damage
Supplies jobs
Lasts into future
made 8.6 billion dollars and supplied more than 80,000 jobs during 2018 in the Amazon
Conservation and education
Educating people about why it good
Sustainable
Helps manage human use
International agreements
Making agreements with other countries abroad to not cut down rainforest in exchange for money
Have to conserve rainforest in order ot get payed
Sustainable management of tropical rainforests
Selective logging
debt reduction
sustainable tourism
allow people to take the same holidays they usually would, except sustainably
good opportunity for tourists to see first-hand the beauty of the rainforests
international agreements
conservation and education
by educating people on the little ways they can contribute to the safety of the rainforests, more small actions can be taken in the longrun
sustainable & education is passed down
Opportunities for development in svalbard
-Fisshing
Barents Sea
over 150 species of fish
overfishing is illegal
-Seed bank
Tourism
visited regularly by cruise ships.
0,000 tourists visited in 2011
hiking, kayaking and riding snowmobiles
-Energy development
A coal-fired power station
meet its energy needs through solar energy during the summer when there are 24 hours of sunlight.
build a hydrogen power plant
only 45 people now work at the coal mine
once employing over 300 people.
Environmental challenges in rio
lack of sanitisation leads to contaminating the water supply
Most favelas are built on the side of steep hills, poor structural support
due to high heats, many crops cannot grow under its conditions
some hillsides are built up using waste produced by the citizens of the favelas, this can often lead to severe landslides during earthquakes that are the cause of potential thousands of deaths
lack of resources
limited water supply leading to poor sanitation
traffic pollution
National migration in portsmouth
portsmouth environmental challenges