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Reformation and Upheaval - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Social changes were the renaissance values of humanism and secularism led people to question the Church and the printing press helped to spread ideas critical of the Church.
        
        Some political changes included the powerful monarchs challenged the Church as the supreme power in Europe and Many leaders viewed the pope as a foreign ruler and challenged his authority.
        
        Economic changes were European princes and kings were jealous of the Church's wealth and Merchants and others resented having to pay taxes to the Church.
        
        https://www.livescience.com/55230-renaissance.html#:~:text=The%20most%20prevalent%20societal%20change,something%20of%20a%20middle%20class.
      - https://www.britannica.com/technology/printing-press
  - - - Critics of the Church said its leaders were corrupt. The popes patronized the arts, worried more about personal pleasure, and fought wars. Many popes were too busy to have much time for their spiritual duties.
        
        Many priests and monks were so poorly educate that they could scarcely read let alone teach people. Some church leaders had become worldly and corrupt, and many people found church practices such as the sale of indulgences unacceptable.
        
        Influenced by reformers, people expected higher standards from priests and church leaders. They denied that the pope had the right to worldly power. They also said the Bible had more authority than the church leaders did.
        
        What were some of the forces that challenged the church's authority by 1500?
        
        In 1500 Christian humanists added their voices to the chorus of criticism. Many Europeans were reading religious works and forming their own opinions about the church.
        
        What were some of the criticisms of the Catholic Church before the Reformation?
        
        People claimed that its leaders were corrupt. Many popes were too busy to have time for spiritual duties. Many priests and monks were poorly educated so they couldn't read or teach people.
- - - - He just wanted to be a good Christian, he didn't expect to lead a religious revolution.
  - - - Tetzel was raising money to rebuild St Peter's cathedral by selling indulgences.
        
        An indulgence was a pardon. It released a sinner from receiving a penalty from the priest for sinning.
      - Luther wrote the 95 Theses attacking Tetzel for his wrong doings.
        
        He posted these statements on the door of the castle church and allowed scholars to debate him.
        
        Martin Luther's 95 Theses
      - Somebody copied Luther's words and soon he was being known all across Germany.
      - Luther's actions began the Reformation, the religious reform. It led to the finding of Christian churches that didn't accept the pope's authority.
    - - He didn't like the idea that it could be so easy to just buy your way into Heaven without actually doing a good thing.
      - What caused Luther's ideas to spread throughout Germany?
        
        His words were copied and printed since people then had the technology to do so.
  - - - People could only receive salvation by having faith in being forgiven by God, and doing good works.
        
        All church teachings should be only based on the Bible. Both the church and pope are false authorities.
        
        All people with faith are equal. People didn't need priests to interpret the Bible for them.
- - - - Roman Emperor Charles V was a devoted Catholic and he opposed Luther's teaching.
        
        Instead of continuing to find Catholic reforms, Luther and his people later became the Lutheran's. Many Northern Princes supported Lutheranism while also sharing some beliefs, some beliefs very alike Luther's.
    - - People saw Luther's protests as a way to challenge church control
  - - - Pope Leo X eventually threatened Luther with excommunication unless he took his statements back. After being threatened with excommunication, Luther gathered his students at Wittenberg and threw the Pope's decree into flames.
        
        Charles V once summoned Martin Luther to the town of worms to stand trial, but Luther still refused to recant his statements. A month after this occasion, Charles V issued the imperial order Edict of Worms. This declared Luther an outlaw and heretic and no one was to give him shelter or food.
        
        Prince Frederick the wise wasn't on the same boat though because almost a year after the situation with Martin Luther, Frederick went against everyone else and gave Luther shelter and food.
        
        Others followed Luther just because they saw his teaching as a reason to take church property and take their independence from Charles V. Princes who stayed loyal to the Pope joined forces against Luther's ideas. Princes who stood with Luther were considered "Protestants".