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(Key Concepts, Legal System, Participation), image, political, image,…
Key Concepts
Democracy
• A system of government run by the people, for the people
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Participation
Good citizens contribute or take part in society through activities such as voting in an election or referendum, serving on a jury, or paying taxes. One of the most important ways we can participate in a democracy by voting in an election
The Westminster System
A parliament system consisting of two chambers or houses, that are elected by the people to make laws on their behalf
Legal System
Branches of Governemt
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Civil and Criminal Laws
Civil
Civil law is concerned with the private affairs of citizens, rather than a crime.
Examples include marriage and property ownership and negligence.
Criminal
Criminal law is the body of law that defines criminal offenses, regulates the apprehension, charging, and trial of suspected persons, and deals with consequences.
Examples include burglary, assault, and cases of murder.
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4 Legal Principles
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have the right to be tried by an open court system where no bias or bribery is allowed (independent and impartial).
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Court Hierarchy
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ensures consistency as judges and magistrates in lower courts have to apply principles created in higher courts.
Legal Laws
Legal rules are made by official law-making bodies- such as parliament, local councils, and the courts- and apply to all members of society
Non-Legal Laws
Non legal rules are rules or regulations that are imposed upon the member of a specific group so they can work together in a peaceful manner
Laws
the set of guidelines that a certain nation or society accepts as governing the behaviour of its citizens
Rules
one of a set of explicit or understood regulations or principles governing conduct or procedure within a particular area of activity
Participation
Political parties
an organisation of people with the goal of gaining and using political power. Along with the electoral and parliamentary systems, which developed in tandem with the formation of parties, political parties first appeared in their current shape in Europe and the United States in the 19th century. Since then, all organised groups vying for political power—whether via democratic elections or by revolution—have been referred to as parties.
Electoral system
Under Full Preferential Voting each candidate must be given a preference by the voter. This system favours the major parties; can sometimes award an election to the party that wins fewer votes than its major opponent; usually awards the party with the largest number of votes a disproportionate number of seats; and occasionally gives benefits to the parties that manufacture a three-cornered contest in a particular seat.
With Optional Preferential Voting the voter may allocate preferences to as few as one candidate. This system can produce similar outcomes to full Preferential Voting, but can also produce results where the winning candidate wins with less than half of the votes. It also clearly lessens the importance of preferences in many seats.
The Proportional Representation system used in Senate elections increases the chances of minor parties and independents winning seats, produces closer results in the struggle between the major parties, and makes it difficult for a major party to gain control of the Senate.
The Hare-Clark system ensures that no seat is safe, creates an electoral system where party members fight each other as much as their external opponents, and operates in such a way that minority governments are more common than when Preferential Voting is used.
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