Humanism and Knowledge
Humanism (characteristics) 
The revival of antquity
The love of knowledge
Anthropocentrism
Humans were at the centre of historical events.
The humanist scholars Petrarch and Giovanni Boccaccio revised classical thinking in order to make it compatible with Christian values.
Humanists were experts in various fields.
Humanists encouraged the use of Latin and Greek.
Humanists believed that a person’s prestige also depended on their education.
Important humanists from outside Florence
Sir Thomas More
Cardinal Cisneros
Erasmus of Rotterdam
He criticised the vices of society, especially those at the heart of the Church.
He called for reform based on an individual’s freedom of choice.
Was born in Netherlands.
He defended the right of the individual conscience against the power of the state.
Was an important English lawyer and author.
Due to his influence, Humanism had a clear Christian character in Castilla
He set up the University of Alcalá de Henares as a centre of theology
Scientific knowledge
Gutenberg’s printing press
Once the types spelled out all the words on a page, the plate was covered and placed in a press.
Finally the press was operated to print the letters on a sheet of paper.
First the movable types were placed on a printing plate.
Medicine
Geography
Astronomy
Ptolemy's geocentric theory claimed that the Earth was the centre of the Universe, and all other celestial bodies orbited around it.
Nicolaus Copernicus's heliocentric theory, claimed that the Earth and all the other planets orbited the Sun
Copernicus's theory was proved by Galileo Galilei using a new invention, the telescope.
the theory of pulmonary circulation of blood by Miguel Servet.
the development of pharmacology by Paracelsus.
The treaty of anatomy by Vesalius.
Modern cartography began.
Maps were created based on Gerardus Mercator's world map.
The Earth was spherical.
Straight lines called parallels and meridians were used to locate any point in the world.