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Cornell Notes 5, Fridman, L. (2022, June 4). Jonathan Haidt: The Case…

- - - - Kids should not be allowed on these business models where we’re the product
      - Keep kids off until they're done with puberty
  - - - Front left cortex: approach opportunity
      - Front right cortex: specialized for withdrawal, fear, and threat
    - - Since 2013: front right cortex hyper-activated
        
        Defend mode opposed to discover mode impacting education
    - - Before: discover mode
        
        Think about how to solve a problem together
      - Now: defend mode
        
        How is this dangerous, how is this a threat, how is this violence, how can I attack this, etc.
        
        Activated by social media
        
        Confirmation bias + algorithms = extreme
  - - - The crisis is gendered and it's hit many countries
      - The crisis is specific to mood disorders not everything else
      - There are a lot of organizations that have been collecting survey data for decades
        
        The majority of graphs show relatively straight lines up until around 2010 or 2012
      - Debunks myth that self-report is to blame as "Gen-Z are more open"
        
        There's also behavioral data because suicide and self-harm go skyrocketing after 2010.
      - "Small correlation between digital media and mental health issues"
        
        Plus, if you find a consistent correlation of 0.15 and multiply it over tens of millions of kids → it explains the mental health epidemic
        
        Zoom in in social media or gender and this correlation becomes stronger
  - - - What is happening with teen mental health
      - What is happening to our democratic and epistemic institutions that means knowledge generating
  - - - Human-id.org created by NYU stern student)
    - - Social media users can choose which scores to see
      - Free speech and no censoring
      - Incentive to not be a bad digital citizen
      - Encourage being constructive
  - - - Each side thinks that what the other side is saying is false
- - - - Facebook bought Instagram in 2012, after seeing a decline in the number of teens using its product and Instagram’s success.
      - Facebook had been tracking competitor apps in hopes of winning the “race for teen users” and won by buying Instagram
  - - - Six-page letter with no research
      - “Its internal research is proprietary and kept confidential to promote frank and open dialogue and brainstorming internally."
      - “We are not aware of a consensus among studies or experts about how much screen time is 'too much,' "
    - - Facebook's response was evasive
      - Seems suspicious
        
        What are they trying to hide?
      - "Facebook seems to be taking a page from the textbook of Big Tobacco—targeting teens with potentially dangerous products while masking the science in public."
  - - - March 2021: "The research that we've seen is that using social apps to connect with other people can have positive mental-health benefits"
      - Defended the company against criticism from lawmakers about plans to create a new Instagram product for children under 13
    - - "In no way do I mean to diminish these issues.…Some of the issues mentioned in this story aren't necessarily widespread, but their impact on people may be huge."
      - "There's a lot of good that comes with what we do."
      - May 2021: told reporters that research he had seen suggests the app's effects on teen well-being is likely "quite small."
      - “Facebook's research indicates Instagram's effects aren't harmful for all users. For most teenagers, the effects of "negative social comparison" are manageable and can be outweighed by the app's utility as a fun way for users to express themselves and connect with friends, the research says.”
  - - - Especially for social comparison
        
        When people assess their own value in relation to the attractiveness, wealth and success of others
      - “The tendency to share only the best moments, a pressure to look perfect and an addictive product can send teens spiraling toward eating disorders, an unhealthy sense of their own bodies, and depression” March 2020 internal research states.
    - - "Shevon Jones, a licensed clinical social worker based in Atlanta, said this can affect Black girls especially because people often assume Black girls are older than they are and critique the bodies of Black girls more frequently."
      - Identified as something that weighs on the mental health of the app's users
    - - "Teens blame Instagram for increases in the rate of anxiety and depression,"
      - "This reaction was unprompted and consistent across all groups."
      - "We make body image issues worse for one in three teen girls," (2019)
      - “Among teens who reported suicidal thoughts, 13% of British users and 6% of American users traced the desire to kill themselves to Instagram.”
      - “Comparisons in instagram can change how young women view and describe themselves.” (2020)
      - “Company's researchers found that Instagram is harmful for a sizable percentage of them, most notably teenage girls.”
      - “32% of teen girls said that when they felt bad about their bodies, instagram made them feel worse” (2020)
    - - 4% of boys in the U.S. said Instagram made them feel worse about themselves
      - 40% of teen boys experience negative social comparison
    - - “ About a quarter of the teens who reported feeling "not good enough" said the feeling started on Instagram.”
      - Many also said the app undermined their confidence in the strength of their friendships.
      - “More than 40% of Instagram users who reported feeling "unattractive" said the feeling began on the app.”
  - - - Facebook has partnered with nonprofits to promote what it calls "emotional resilience,"
      - Videos produced as part of that effort include recommending that teens consider daily affirmations to remind themselves that "I am in control of my experience on Instagram."