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Cellular Respiration - Coggle Diagram
Cellular Respiration
Process of Cellular Respiration
CR is a series of chemical reactions in three stages: Glycolysis -> Citric Acid Cycle -> Electron Transport
Step 1: Glycolysis
Energy investment stage uses 2 ATP to get started but makes 4ATP in the end so net gain is 2 ATP
During Glycoslysis, ATP is made by transferring Phosphate group from one molecule or substarte to ADP(
Substrate level phosphorylation
)
Six C glucose molecule split in half; forms two pyruvates that donate high energy electrons to NAD+ forming NADH
Step 2: Citric Acid Cycle:
Extracts energy from sugar by breaking down Acetic Acid molecules to CO2, using energy to form ATP and forms NADH
Step 3: Electron Transport:
Releases the energy our cells need to make most of ATP; the molecules of ETC built into inner membranes of mitochondria
Chain uses energy from fall of electrons to pump H Ions from MTC matrix to Inner membrane space to store PE
When the Ions flow back to membrane, they release energy; flow through ATP synthase which uses this energyto synthesize ATP
Fermentation
CR requires oxygen but Fermentation is the anaerobic(w/o O) harvest of food energy
Relies on Glycolysis to produce ATP; doesn't require Oxygen
Lactic acid produced by microbes used for cheese, sour cream, yougrt production
Alchoholic Fermentation
: used to produce beer
Chemistry of Cellular Respiration
Primarily occurs in Mitochondria(plants & animals); harvests energy stored in molecules and used oxygen to make ATP
Plants perform both PS & CR while animals only do CR; PS 30x faster than CR so they make more fuel than they need; provides nutrients for growth and starch
Chemistry:
Equation: Glucose + Oxygen -> CO2 + H20 + ATP + Heat
Common fuel molecule for CR is Glucose; CR produces 32 ATP for one glucose
During CR, hydrogen and its bonding electrons change partners from sugar to oxygen, formwing water as a product
Redox Reactions
During CR, glucose is oxidized and oxygen is reduced
Transfer of electrons releases energy since when elextrons move from O to Glucose, the electrons "fall" down a chain
Produces a proton gradient, which provides the energy to produce the ATP
CR is a controlled "fall" of electrons and a stepwise cascade much like a staircase
Electron Transport Chain
path that electrons take to becoming O from Glucose involves many steps, the first being the electron acceptor called NAD+
Transfer of electrons from food molecules to NAD+ reduces it to NADH
the rest of the process is the ETC which is a series of redox reactions that lead to generating large amounts of ATP
OXR Reactions- chemical reactions that transfer electrons from one substance to another; results in redox = loss of electron
Energy flow in an ecosystem
Photosynthesis
Process of using light energy to create energy for other organisms
Necessary for all of life since organisms eat plants for energy
Producers and Consumers
Autotrophs- make their own food from inorganic nutrients; producers because the ecosystem depends upon them for food
Heterotrophs- include animals and other organisms that can't make their own organic materials from inorganic ones; must eat other organisms to gain nutrients and energy
Ingredients for Photosyntehsis are CO2 & H20
CO2 from air and water from damp soil; soil water also contains phosphorus;
The oxygen diffuses out of plant leafs and into our lungs for C.R