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Spain: the bourbon reforms and their limits - Coggle Diagram
Spain: the bourbon reforms and their limits
The war of successions and its consequences
Carlos II of Habsburg died without children
there were two pretenders to the throne
Carlos of Habsburg
the emperor’s son, archduke of Austria
Felipe of Bourbon
grandson of Louis XIV of France
Carlos II chose the Bourbon prince
he was king of the monarchy’s different kingdoms between 1701 and 1702
European powers were suspicious of the power held by Bourbon kings of French and Spanish monarchies
several kingdoms within the Hague Alliance declared war on France and on Felipe V
this caused an international war (1701-1702)
in the Hispanic Monarchy a civil war broke out in 1705
between supporters of the Habsburgs and the Bourbons
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The Hague Alliance was signed on 7 September 1701
between Great Britain, the Holy Roman Emperor Leopold I, and the United Provinces
the agreement
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Territorial consequences
Felipe V punished the crown of Aragon as he thought they had betrayed him
He used the Nueva Planta decrees to abolish the courts, fueros, diputaciones generales, customs and fiscal systems of the kingdoms of the Crown of Aragón
he civil and commercial law of Aragón, Cataluña and Mallorca was maintained.
Political reforms
middle of the 18th centaury
The Spanish Bourbons imposed a model of absolute monarchy inspired by the French absolutist system
Felipe V and his successors tried to turn the royal court into the single centre of political decision-making
but they needed the support of the elites
The old Habsburg model of government, with councils and validos acting as prime ministers, was replaced by cabinets
Cabinets: These were formed by ministers or secretarios de despacho
they were responsible for the main matters of government
the navy
the treasury
the state
territory
after the imposition of the Nueva Planta decrees
The Aragonese institutions that had been abolished were mostly replaced by new ones
the fueros, laws, institutions, tax regimes and customs of Navarra and the Basque provinces remained
America
the viceroyalties of New Granada and Río de la Plata were created
the Church
Regalist policies were carried out
a Count of Floridablanca, a member of the Council of Castilla, Carlos III and a great defender of regalism
persuade the pope to dissolve the Society of Jesus (the Jesuits) in 1773
but it had been persecuted by the king for being anty reformist
the bourbons palaces
royal palace of Aranjuez Madrid
Royal palace of Riofrio,Segovia
royal palace of Madrid
royal palace of la Granja de San IIdefonso,segovia
Foregin policy
the British claims on the American dominions of the Hispanic Monarchy led Spain and France to create a family compact.
because of this conflict a war had started between them, called the seven-year war (1756–1763)
when the war ended, the treaty of Paris confirmed British hegemony which meant that British had power over the bourbons
Spain had to cede Florida to Great Britain and in exchange it received Louisiana from France
Bourbon monarchs in the 18th centuary
Felipe V (1724–1746)
He returned to the throne on the death of his sun and reigned until his own death
Carlos III (1759–1788)
He was crowned in 1759 after abdicating as king of Naples and Sicily, he was a enlighten depotist
Luis I (1724)
he owned the throne for just over six months due to his early death
Carlos IV (1788–1808)
His reign began in 1788, the transitional period between two eras ruled until 1808, when he was forced to abdicate
Felipe V (1700–1724)
He had to win in the War of Succession to take the throne and abdicated his son Luis in 1724.
Fernando VI (1746–1759)
He had no children; on his death he was succeeded by his stepbrother Carlos III
Economic reform craft
Enlightened governments favoured the popular or domestic craft industry
trade schools were created
There was a new textile sector in the Barcelona area dedicated to produce printed cotton fabrics
the Hispanic Monarchy set up Royal manufacturers
They were factories created to make either luxury or basic products
it created many jobs, but the court’s needs and the country’s level of consumption were very low
Royal manufactures
Real Fábrica de Tapices de Santa Bárbara (Madrid)
Real Fábrica de Paños de San Fernando de Henares (Madrid)
Real Fábrica de Porcelanas del Buen Retiro (Madrid)
Real Fábrica de Cristales de La Granja (Segovia)
Real Fábrica de Paños de Brihuega (Guadalajara)
Real Fábrica de Sedas de Talavera de la Reina (Toledo)
Real Fábrica de Hilados y Tejidos de Algodón (Ávila)
Economic Reforms (trade)
Domestic trade
it was difficult in Spain due to its poor conditions, most commercial transactions were local
The bourbons promoted public works
which helped improve the situation
foregin trade
it was more important in particular with America
The West Indies fleet that the Hispanic Monarchy used for foreign trade disappeared
1765 - 1778
Carlos III signed decrees approving free trade in various ports in the Iberian Peninsula and others from Spanish America
Carlos III decreed the liberalisation of the grain trade in 1765
uying and selling these goods was usually regulated as this was essential to avoid famine
free trade of grain alongside poor harvests caused the price of bread to rise
popular revolts in 1766
