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Skeletal System - Coggle Diagram
Skeletal System
Joints, Tendons, Ligaments
Most bones are connected to joints. The combination of jointed bones with muscles gives vertebrates tremendous flexibility and the ability to run, jump, and fly.
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The joint in our shoulder is called a ball-and-socket joint. This joint is designed exactly like it is named: our upper arm bones have a rounded knob on their ends like a ball. This knob fits into a rounded hollow in our shoulder, called a socket.
Our elbows are a built from a hinge joint and a pivot joint. The hinge allows it to bend back and forth, and pivot allows it to turn. You can use the pivot joint by holding your hand out straight with your palm down, then flipping it to face up.
Without ligaments, the bones below a joint would hang down limply. When someone has a sprained ankle, they have strained the ligaments holding one of the several bones that are in their ankle.
The simplest type is the hinge joint, which bends back and forth like the hinge on a door. Our knees are hinge joints since they can move back and forth, but not side to side.
Bones
The bones that make up these two parts of the skeleton can be divided into two categories: fused bones and bones with joints.
Individual bones are complex. A major component of bones is calcium, which makes them hard and strong.
Each bone also has a particular shape for whatever purpose it is serving. It is also attached to muscles by connective tissues called tendons. When muscles contract, they pull on bones to move them.
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The insides of bones, however, have soft tissue. Inside of the bones are bone marrow and stem cells. Within the bone marrow, red blood cells for transporting oxygen and white blood cells for the immune system are made.
The space between two bones is called a joint. The two bones do not contact directly, but have a connective tissue called cartilage between them to act as a cushion and lubricant.
Diet and Healthy Bones
As mentioned before, calcium is a key component of bones and teeth. It is also essential for the function of most cells.
We get calcium from our diet, especially dairy products, almonds, and broccoli. We need calcium throughout our lives, but especially when we are young and building up our bones. We also need it when we are over the the age of 50. The bones of teenagers and young adults are actively growing and becoming longer.
A steady supply of calcium is needed to make sure that strong bones are built. When bones get old, they begin to lose calcium. Women over the age of 50 are especially vulnerable to bone loss. Many women begin taking calcium vitamins in order to slow down this process.
If too much bone is lost, or too little was built up early in life, a disease called osteoporosis can occur. This causes bones to become brittle or even break.
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Skeletal System
The skeletal system refers to all of the bones and joints in the skeleton, and the connective tissues that hold them all together.
The axial skeleton is made up of the skull, the ribs, the spine, and the tail bone. It is the main support column of the body. The word “axial” comes from the word “axis".
The appendicular skeleton is composed of all the appendages that attach to this main axis: the arms, collarbone, shoulder bone, and the legs and hips.