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Acheson 1981 - Coggle Diagram
Acheson 1981
Small-Scale Fisher Adaptations
Mobility
Flexible Daily Routines
Periodic Unemployment
Livelihood diversification
Fishery institutions
crew organisation
egalitarianism
share system
kin/ non-kin
access to fishing rights
conflict avoidance
markets and middlemen
co-operatives
Gender division
Fishing diversification
gears
species
Use of ritual and magic
Information management
Resource & Ecosystem
Mobile
Invisible
Perishable
Variable Numbers
caused by
habitat change
climate change
seasonal effects
level of fishing effort
direct predation
indirect predation
other ecosystem effects?
Environment
Aquatic
Extreme weather
Far from living centres
Aquatic vectors/disease
dangerous animals
navigation challenges
Common-pool
Many species/behaviours
What does this mean for fishers?
Reliance on fluctuating external factors
Environmental conditions
short-term
weather
mobility/invisibility
long-term
predictable
seasonal
cyclical
unpredictable
External market price
Intermediaries
Actions of other fishers
Actions of non-fishers
Uncertainty/ Insecurity
catches
income
Risk
economic
physical
Isolation
from family
from communities
Exclusion
social/ political/ cultural
Implications for managers?
Stock assessment
estimating numbers
monitoring
Regulations
monitoring
enforcement
Fisheries Science
understanding interactions/impacts
Industrial Fisher Adaptations
Technological
To fluctuating resources
radar/sonar
all weather boats
set and wait gears
long duration
freezers/ice
migrate with fish
stay at sea for months
To risky environment
safety training
safety equipment
weather predictions
radios
life rafts/vests
well-built boats
Economic
Subsidies
Expand markets