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Polemical (adj), Reporting verbs, Nominalize (v0, Empirical
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Polemical (adj)
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Synonyms: controversial, cutting, biting, critical
Example:
Daniels is at his best when he's cool and direct, rather than combative and polemical.
...Kramer's biting polemical novel.
Reporting verbs
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claim
Say smth is true directly, and firmly, often used when others disagree
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Nominalize (v0
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Some professions and disciplines heavily nominalize their prose. However, you can resist this tendency and create shorter, livelier sentences if you turn nominalizations into verbs.
Word forms: -ized, -izing
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- to convert (another part of speech) into a noun, as in changing the adjective lowly into the lowly or the verb legalize into legalization
- to convert (an underlying clause) into a noun phrase, as in changing he drinks to his drinking in I am worried about his drinking
Empirical
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SYNONYMS
practical, firsthand, pragmatic.
ANTONYMS
secondhand, theoretical.
consent
Word forms: 3rd person singular present tense consents , present participle consenting , past tense, past participle consented
If you give your consent to something, you give someone permission to do it.
Synonyms: agreement, sanction, approval, go-ahead
VERB
If you consent to something, you agree to do it or to allow it to be done.
contingency
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A contingency plan or measure is one that is intended to be used if a possible situation actually occurs.
- ADJECTIVE [ADJECTIVE noun]
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Synonyms: possibility, happening, chance, event
Rehearse
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When people rehearse a play, dance, or piece of music, they practise it in order to prepare for a performance.
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If you rehearse something, you repeat it in detail.
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Word forms: 3rd person singular present tense rehearses , present participle rehearsing , past tense, past participle rehearsed
Synonyms: practise, prepare, run through, go over
stereotype
Word forms: plural, 3rd person singular present tense stereotypes , present participle stereotyping , past tense, past participle stereotyped
A stereotype is a fixed general image or set of characteristics that a lot of people believe represent a particular type of person or thing.
There's always been a stereotype about successful businessmen.
Synonyms: formula, cliché, pattern, mould
VERB [usually passive]
If someone is stereotyped as something, people form a fixed general idea or image of them, so that it is assumed that they will behave in a particular way.
concordance
(n)
- a state or condition of agreement or harmony
- a book that indexes the principal words in a literary work, often with the immediate context and an account of the meaning
- an index produced by computer or machine, alphabetically listing every word in a text
- an alphabetical list of subjects or topics
If there is concordance between two things, they are similar to each other or consistent with each other.
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A concordance is a list of the words in a text or group of texts, with information about where in the text each word occurs and how often it occurs. The sentences each word occurs in are often given.
henceforth
(adv)
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Synonyms: from now on, in the future, hereafter, hence
Henceforth, parties which fail to get 5% of the vote will not be represented in parliament.
We were finally released with a formal warning that we were henceforth barred from the base.
undermine (V)
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Word forms: 3rd person singular present tense undermines , present participle undermining , past tense, past participle undermined
If you undermine something such as a feeling or a system, you make it less strong or less secure than it was before, often by a gradual process or by repeated efforts.
premodify
Word forms: -fies, -fying or -fied
- to modify something in advance
- to modify a word or phrase by means of a preceding element
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postmodifying
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Word forms: -fies, -fying or -fied
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Hypernym
a word with a broad meaning constituting a category into which words with more specific meanings fall;
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For example, colour is a hypernym of red.
stance
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Synonyms: attitude, stand, position, viewpoint
Rationale
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The principles or reasons which explain a particular decision, course of action, belief, etc
The rationale for a course of action, practice, or belief is the set of reasons on which it is based.
Insanity
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Synonyms: stupidity, folly, lunacy, irresponsibility
Imprecision
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Example: She recognizes the imprecision and omissions of translation and takes full responsibility for any shortcomings.
colligation
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- to connect or link together; tie; join
- to relate (isolated facts, observations, etc) by a general hypothesis
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Decontextualized
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unexpected visual affinities between ambiguous decontextualised images thrown together from highly disparate sources
shown or considered without a context (= a sentence, a text, a situation, etc. that something is part of, that gives it a particular meaning)
obstinate
ADJECTIVE
If you describe someone as obstinate, you are being critical of them because they are very determined to do what they want, and refuse to change their mind or be persuaded to do something else.
stubbornly refusing to change one's opinion or chosen course of action, despite attempts to persuade one to do so.
garrulous
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If you describe someone as garrulous, you mean that they talk a great deal, especially about unimportant things.
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Synonyms: talkative, gossiping, chattering, babbling
antecedent
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Synonyms: preceding, earlier, former, previous
disambiguate
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remove uncertainty of meaning from (an ambiguous sentence, phrase, or other linguistic unit).
"word senses can be disambiguated by examining the context"
prematurely
(ADV)
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ADJECTIVE [usually ADJECTIVE noun]
Something that is premature happens earlier than usual or earlier than people expect.
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Epistemic
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- of or relating to knowledge or epistemology
- denoting the branch of modal logic that deals with the formalization of certain epistemological concepts, such as knowledge, certainty, and ignorance.
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Intertextuality
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The term intertextuality refers to the relationships or links that may be found among different books or texts.
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