Pythagoras
Philosopher, mathematician, and the founder of Phythagoreaism, a philosophical school, and religious brotherhood
He was believed to be the recipient of divine knowledge directly from Apollo
So none could change his teory
Pythagoras believed in transmigration of souls
After death, the body dies but the soul changes body
For Phythagoras the Archè is the number
He belived it was the essence of all things, the number was considered as a set of units and every single unit could be a point
Tetraktis; the name of number 10, the perfect number because it is the result of (1+2+3+4=10)
Odd and Even numbers
Even numbers have a unlimited and incomplete shape
Odd numbers have a limited and complete nature
Heraclitus
He was called "The Obscure"
He distinguished
Awake
Sleepers
They are the non-philosophers.
they can understand the truth of reality
Flux
the world is a perennial flux, everything flows like a river
Flux is identified by fire
It's a form of constantly changing energy which runs through reality
Parmenides
founder of the Eleatic school of philosophy
two possible ways for men:
the Way of Truth based on reason which discusses what is real
the Way of Opinion based on the senses, which discusses what is illusory.
The way of the truth is the path chosen by philosophers
Parmenides described the being with 8 attributes
immutable
motionless
eternal
one and homogeneous
imperishable
ungenerated
finite
necessary
Zeno
Member of the Eleatic school
He made paradoxes to reinforce Parmenides teories
They are a set of philosophical problems
1:Achilles and the tortoise
It's a race between a turtle and Achilles
Achillies gives the turtle a head start
Because the turtle has ha head start it will always win
2:The arrow
for motion to occur, an object must change the position which it occupies
Ex: A Arrow that moves
At every istant of time there is no motion: if you take many pictures of it, ti will always be motionless
3:The Dichotomy paradox
If you want to get from a point to another you have to reach it's half first, then the half of the half and so on