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Reading - Coggle Diagram

- - - - meant to help protect authors from censorship
      - first copyright law was England’s
        Statute of Queen Anne in 1710
    - - helped authors produce and distribute their work
      - paperback books arose in the 20th century
        and mede literature affordable
      - The "big six" publishing companies
        
        Random House
        
        Penguin Group
        
        Hachette
        
        HarperCollins
        
        Simon & Schuster
        
        Macmillan & Holtzbrinck
    - - 18th century
        
        post revolutionary war
        
        stories surrounding freedom and detemination
        
        boosted literacy rates in women
        
        reading was seen as subversive by some
      - 19th century
        
        division bewteen North and South
        
        "Uncle Toms Cabin"
        
        may have been a part of the outbreak of the Civil War
        
        was made into a stage play and silent film
        
        Writers established the American voice
        
        Used regional dialects
        
        satire
        
        political engagement
      - 20th century
        
        genres including childrens literature sci-fi, romance, and mystery experienced a boost in popularity
        
        conformist ideas were challenged in the late 20th century
        
        fiction novels become popular
        
        Book super stores
        
        Gained popularity in the 90's
        
        Lower prices, variety of selection, upscale environment
        
        Losing competition with superstores
        like Costco and Walmart
        
        Able to negotiate better prices with publishers
    - - Hard cover books
        
        seen as more prestegious due to their relation to the ancient codex
        
        Publishers order hardcover before the release on paper back
      - Paper back books
        
        more portible and less expensive
        
        Some publishers release paperback at the same time as hardcover to attract more customers
        
        sometimes books are released as paperback only
      - E-books
        
        Make up only a small percentage of book sales (3-5%)
        
        cheaper and more portable
        
        have more of a potential for piracy
  - - - Papyrus scrolls. most popular
        writing method
      - wrote on many surfaces including
        metal, leather, clay, stone, and bone
      - Had monopoly over papyrus trade
      - written script dates back to 3000 BC
      - Parchment
        
        Made from treated animal skin
        
        was not monopolized
    - - Founded the codex between
        2nd and 4th centuries
      - Codex is the format we still use today
    - - Block printing
    - - Books were hand written
      - Monasteries held most literature
      - scriptoria
    - - changed how information circulated around the globe
      - invented of mechanical movable type
      - movable type made books much cheaper and quicker to produce
      - easier access to classical texts
        led to the European Renaissance
        
        female literacy rates jumped
- - - - The first magazine is published by German
        theologian Johann Rist between 1663 and 1668
        
        it was titled "Erbauliche Monaths-Unterredungen,
        or Edifying Monthly Discussions"
        
        his works inspired others including french
        journalist Denis de Sallo’s, Italian journalist Francesco Nazzari, and the Royal Society’s English Philosophical Transactions
      - This success led to different magazines all across Europe
    - - Mid 19th century saw the development
        of mass circulated magazines
      - cheaper magazines made its availability
        accessible to more audiences
      - Literary magazines took off publishing some of the most important fiction from authers like Edgar Allan Poe, Mark Twain, Walt Whitman, and Ernest Hemingway
    - - Newsmagazines
      - Picture magazines
      - Magazines like "Time" and "Newsweek"
        still lead the industry today
      - Fan Magazines gained popularity,
        focusing on movies, film, and music
        
        Some of the first/most popular fan magazines were
        Photoplay, Picture Play, Movie Mirror, and Movieland
        
        The most well known ones now are
        Entertainment Weekly, Rolling Stone, and TV Guide
      - Teen magazines
        
        The first of it's kind was "Seventeen" which hit the stores in 1944
        
        They targeted young women, providing topics on fashion, makeup, celebrity news, and lifestyles.
  - - - Formating
        
        Magazine formats offer more space than newspapers
      - Advertisers' influence
        
        advertisers provide half of a magazines revenue
      - Editorial leanings
      - Online news sources