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Wakefulness and Sleep - Coggle Diagram

- - - - zeitgeber
    - - advance or delay
    - - control circadian rhythms
      - damage
        
        less consistent rhythms
      - retinohypothalamic path
        
        repond directly to light
    - - increase sleepiness
    - - PER
        
        increase activity in SCN
        
        mutation
        
        odd circadian rhythms
      - TIM
- - - - moderate arousal
      - no awareness
    - - unconsciousness
      - low brain activtiy
    - - limited speech comprehension
  - - - stage 1
        
        irregular, jagged low voltage waves
        
        brain activty decline
      - stage 2
        
        presence of
        
        sleep spindles
        
        K- complex
      - stage 3
      - stage 4
        
        slow wave sleep
        
        slow, large wave
        
        slow heart rate
        
        synchronized neuronal activity
        
        predominant early
      - REM sleep
        
        irregular, low voltage fast waves
        
        PGO waves
        
        postural muscles more relaxed
        
        rapid eye movement
        
        predominant late at night
        
        associated with dreaming
        
        brain function
        
        increase activty
        
        pons
        
        limbic system
        
        decrease activty
        
        primary visual cortex
        
        motor cortex
        
        dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
        
        regulated by
        
        serotonin
        
        interups
        
        acetylcholine
        
        stimulate
      - NREM
        
        stage 1
        
        stage 2
        
        stage 3
        
        stage 4
        
        REM
        
        1 more item...
- - - - extends from
        
        medulla
        
        to
        
        forebrain
        
        responsible for arousal
  - - - acetylcholine
      - clutamate
    - - awakens
  - - - increase wakefulness
  - - - produce sleepiness
  - - - stimulate wakefulness and arousal
  - - - temperature
      - metabolic rate
      - stimulation of neurons
- - - - causes
        
        deterioration of brain mechanisms
      - effects
        
        cognitive impairment
      - consequences
        
        sleepiness during the day
        
        impaired attention
  - - - triggered
        
        strong emotions
    - - trouble distinguishing reality
  - - - responsible
  - - - sexsomnia