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POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC LIBERALISM, image, image, image, image, image,…
POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC LIBERALISM
CRITICISM OF THE OLD REGIME
advocated reforms were developed
moderate the power of the king
guarantee individual rights
one of the most important contributions
enlightenment thinkers
had a more critical mind
they criticism led to liberalism
thinkers like
Montesquieu
Rosseau
Voltaire
based on enlightenment
developed radical opposition to the Old Regime
characterized by feudal system
political absolutism
based on the prime sector
criticised different aspects
the survival of a feudal economy
great commercial and market grow
liberals criticised
trade restrictions
obstacles to development
caused by fiefdoms
price controls during emergencies
the power of absolute monarchs and the Church
characteristics
power of monarchies
Church's privileges
influence of the Church
they influenced laws
limited individual rights
monarchs and church censored
development of new ideas
criticism
the legal inequality of the state system
absence of equality
society divided into social groups
noblemens and clergy
peasants, artisans...
the survival of manorialism in the fiefdoms of the nobility and the Church
the situation
peasants had to work for lords
peasants had to pay taxes
peasants were subjected to the laws
IDEAS OF POLITICAL LIBERALISM
old regime heavily criticised
political liberalism was created
The existence of unalienable individual rights
this right can't be taken away
idea inspired by Jonh Locke
establishment of freedoms
printing
assembly
press
naturally possessed the right to life
The division of powers
following Montesquieu's theories
liberals argued
power moderated by individual rights
power divided in three
executive power
legislative power
judicial power
separation between the Church and the State
Equality of people before the law
abolition of
fiefdoms
priviledges
manorialism
the whole state system
everyone should follow the same laws
Sovereignty resides in the nation.
parliamentary political tradition
based on Rosseau's teaching
liberals advocated
people govern themselves through representatives
proposed a representative political power
representatives elected by voting
IDEAS OF ECONOMIC LIBERALISM
Enlightenment influenced the economy
greater freedom to trade
individual property
Adam Smith (1723-1790)
theory called economic liberalism
his main work
The Wealth of Nations (1976)
freedom of the individual
own a private property
buy within free market
faced with
restrictions
assets that couldn't be sold
price controls
commercial regulations
theories: mercantilism and physiocracy
liberals believed the public power should be reduced
state should not intervene
the law of supply and demand
would determine
what to produce
how much to produce
at what price
SERFS AND SUBJECTS
society was made by serfs and subjects
subjects
all the inhabitants of a kingdom
regardless of their class
owed to the king
loyalty
obedience
serfs
required to serf a lord
were usually inhabitants of a fiefdom
they lived under manorialism
MERCTANTALISM AND PHYSIOCRACY
developed during the end of the Modern Age
Mercantilism
more precious metals more power
craft exports were encouraged
imports limited by tariffs
main theorist of mercantilism
Jean-Baptise Colbert
Physiocracy
agriculture main source of wealth
main theorist of physiocracy
François Quesnay
