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Unit 1: Chapter 2: Characteristics Of Life - Coggle Diagram
Unit 1: Chapter 2: Characteristics Of Life
All living things have the following characteristics in common:
M
ovement
R
eproduction
N
utrition
R
espiration
O
rganised into cells
G
rowth
E
xcretion
R
esponse
Memory Aid
MR N ROGER
Metabolism:
Is the sum of all chemical reactions that occur in the cells of an organism
Anabolic Reactions
Small molecules are joined together to form large molecules
using energy
.
Example:
Photosynthesis
6CO2 + 6H20 = C6H12O6 + 6O2
Catabolic Reactions
Large (complex) molecules are broken down into smaller molecules
releasing energy
.
Example:
Digestion
Continuity of life:
Is the ability of an organism to exist from one generation to the next.
Reproduction:
is the ability of an organism to produce new individuals of its own kind and pass on genetic information to the next generation
Asexual
1
parent involved
No gametes
(sex cells) involved
Offspring
genetically identical
(clones)
Animal Examples:
Male sex organ called
testes
produce male gamete (
sperm
)
Female sex organ called ovary produce female gamete (
egg
)
Gametes fuse at
fertilisation
to make a zygote (baby)
Sperm+Egg=Zygote
Plant Examples:
Stamen
pollen
Male Gamete
Carpel
Ovule
Female Gamete
Gametes fuse at
fertilisation
to make a zygote seed
Sexual
2
parents involved
Gametes
involved
Offspring
genetically different
Animal Examples:
Bacteria (Monera) and Amoeba (Protista)
reproduce
by simply
dividing in two -Binary Fission
Plane Examples:
Cuttings
called
vegetative (Micro) propagation
Nutrition:
The way organisms obtain and use food
Autotrophs:
Organisms that make their own food (Auto)
Examples:
Plants in photosynthesis - grass, dandelion
Heterotrophs:
Organisms that cannot make their own food. Must obtain food from other sources.
Carnivore
Meat only
Omnivore
Plants + animals
Herbivore
Plants only
Detritovore
Eats detritus (dead things) Earthworms
Respiration:
is the controlled release of energy from food
Organised into cells:
Cells, Tissue, Organ, System, Organism, Population
Growth:
All living organisms are capable of
growth
(increase in size) and
development
(change in form or shape)
Excretion:
Is the removal of
waste products of metabolism
from an organism (i.e. how the body gets rid of waste of metabolism)
Excretory Organ
Lungs, Kidney (Urinary system), Skin
Excretion
CO2+Water, Urine, Sweat
Homeostasis:
A balance must be maintained between their environment + external environment
Plants
excrete gases through
pores
called
stomata
.
Response:
Is a reaction to a stimulus (change) in the environment.
Animals
Respond using
senses
(eyes, ears) squint in direct sunlight
Camouflage
Plants
Plants respond to
light, gravity, water and temperature
(plant grows toward light)
Hydrotropism