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Immune system - Coggle Diagram
Immune system
INFLAMATORY RESPONSE
SIGNS OF INFLAMATION: redness, heat, swelling and pain
ACUTE INFLAMMATION: Its typically of short duration eg for a few days or few weeks. It ranges from mild to severe depending on the extent of tissue damage.
Its response events starts with increased blood flow, accumulation of tissue fluid, migration of leukocytes, increased core temperature then pain and suppuration.
The physiological response to tissue damage and is accompanied by a characteristic series of local changes.
Its purpose is to isolate, inactivate and remove both causative agents and damaged tissue for healing to take place.
INCREASED BLOOD FLOW: following injury, the arterioles supplying the damaged area dilate the local capillaries expand, increasing blood flow to the site which causes increased temperature and reddening of an inflamed area and contribute to swelling.
INCREASED TISSUE FLUID: This is caused by fluid leaving local blood vessels and entering the interstitial spaces. This is due to increased capillary permeability caused by inflammatory mediators such as histamine, serotine and prostaglandins and also due to pressure inside the vessels because of increased blood flow.
Increased temperature: the increased temperature of inflamed tissue has the twin benefits of inhibiting the growth and and division of microbes while promoting the activity of phagocytes.
Chemotaxis: This the chemical attraction of leukocytes, including neutrophils and macrophages, to an area of inflammation.
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Non specific (innate) defence mechanism: They protect against any of an enormous range of possible dangers and are present at birth.
PHAGOCYTOSIS: The defence cells, such as neutrophils and macrophages, are the body's first line of cellular defence. They actively migrate to the inflamed site and infection. Meaning they attack and engulf.
NATURAL ANTIMICROBIAL SUBSTANCES: HYDROCHLORIC ACID, this is present in high concentrations in gastric juice and kills the majority of ingested microbes
LYSOZYME, an antibacterial enzyme present in granulocytes, tears and other body secretions but not in sweat or urine or cerebrospinal fluid.
ANTIBODIES, they are protective proteins that inactive bacteria.
SALIVA, its secreted in the mouth and washes away food debris that may encourage bacterial growth.
EPITHELIAL BARRIERS: Healthy, intact skin and mucous membranes provide an efficient physical barrier protecting the body's exposed surface.
Has hair, skin, eyes and nose etc...
Acquired Immunity: An immune response to an antigen starting with the primary response. Primary response Exposure of the immune system for the first time leading to a slow, delayed rise in antibody levels mainly Igm
ACTIVE ARTIFICIALLY ACQUIRED IMMUNITY: It develops in response to the administration of dead or alive artificially weakened pathogens or deactivated toxiins.
ACTIVE NATURALLY ACQUIRED IMMUNITY: Is when the body is stimulated to produce its own antibodies by either having the disease or having a subclinical infection
PASSIVE NATURALLY ACQUIRED IMMUNITY: The immunity that is acquired before birth the passage of maternal antibodies across the placenta to the fetus.
Secondary Primary: this immune system is much faster and more powerful because of the memory B-cell.
PASSIVE ARTIFICAILLY ACQUIRED IMMUNITY: ready made antibodies, in human or animal serum injected into the person on the recieving end.
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