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Leisure, Tourism and Sport - Coggle Diagram
Leisure, Tourism and Sport
Changing Leisure Patterns
Factors that affect the increase in leisure time
An increase in wages - this means that people may need to work for less times in order to meet their needs, which leaves more time for leisure
Increase in disposable income - this leaves more money to be able to be spent on leisure activities
A reduction in length of working week - This means that there will be more free time during weekends for people which may have been working on weekends as well as weekdays
Growth of leisure activities
A reduction in length of working day - This leaves more hours per day of free time
Increase in self-employment - this means that people live life more on their own terms and work and have free time whenever they choose which can lead to increased leisure time
More early retirement - this means that more people will have more leisure time after they retire ONLY FOR PEOPLE WHO ARE WELL OFF AND THAT CAN AFFORD IT
Development of technology - For example washing machines shortening the amount of time required to wash clothes, freeing up more time for leisure
In poorer countries, where there is political turmoil and less technological development and lack of basic necessities, this may mean there will be less leisure time as a lot of the factors below may not apply and people will likely be constantly stressed.
Men generally have more leisure time than women, this may be due to women tending to bear household responsibilities which cuts into prospective leisure time
As life expectancy increases globally - there is a growing market for leisure activities catered for people aged 65+
Factors which affect participation in leisure time
In LICs, survival is more important than leisure, so more time will be dedicated to survival as that is the priority
Government allocation of resources towards leisure is less in LICs than HICs therefore people in HICs have more activities on offer and tend to participate more
Gender
Age and stage within the family cycle
Physical
Hilly areas are more ideal for biking, etc
Coastal areas with plunging glaciers better for sports such as surfing
Skiing is more common in colder areas
Rivers and lakes promote fishing
Increase in red blood cell concentration in high altitude areas such as Kenya and Ethiopia favors runners
Areas with wide, sandy beach areas will favor beach tourism
Human
Affluence - how well off you are in terms of money
Personality - people prefer different things
Political, Social, Cultural
Cultural factors - places such as Mecca attract more tourists as it is religiously significant
Political factors that affect where people may choose to travel as tourists
Social factors - some people may not be able to afford memberships at places such as clubs, etc.
Socio-economic factors - such as access to a car
People who live in rental accommodation tend to participate in more individualized leisure activities such as the gym, while people who have bought houses tend to participate in sport more
Growth of leisure in...
BRICs
Rising disposable income - greater money able to be spent on leisure activities
Rapid urbanization - everything is a lot more condensed and closer to each other such as leisure facilities, work and home therefore travel time is reduced
A surging middle class - middle class gaining in wealth rapidly which allows for them to be working for less time and earn more money
Greater online connectivity - this means that leisure time can be undertaken at home more in the form of videogames/television/social media
Aging population - more retired people who have essentially unlimited leisure time ONLY FOR PEOPLE WHO ARE WELL OFF AND THAT CAN AFFORD IT
USA
People who have higher wages and less free time may spend their leisure time on activities such as eating out
Shorter working weeks
Leisure is becoming more individualized, more people are participating in leisure time alone and team sports as leisure is less frequent nowadays
There is slight variation of leisure with ethnicity
Size of facilities and quality of facilities is increasing, such as sizes of TV screens
Tourism and Sport at the global and national scale
Definitions
Hotspot - an area where sport or leisure activities occur in much above average levels
Sphere of influence, the area from which facilities draw support
Threshold - minimum number of people required in order for a leisure facility to remain viable and useful.
Factors affecting growth of hotspots
Natural landscape
Climate
Culture
Sporting events
Government investment and planning
For bid-rent theory and intra-spatial urban patterns - refer to textbook
Tourism and sport at the international scale
Niche Tourism
Adventure Tourism - tourism such as scuba diving, hiking etc.
Movie tourism - film fanatics travelling to places films have been shot
Heritage tourism - tourism to explore historical sites
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