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Strategies for conserving the biodiversity and genetic resources of…
Strategies for conserving the biodiversity and genetic resources of natural ecosystems
Sustainable harvesting of wild plants and animal species, Sustainable forestry and agroforestry
Many plants have medicinal properties because of secondary metabolites they produce.
-Wild plants are the preferred source because cultivated varieties only produce small quantities of the chemicals we want to use.
Attempts to control harvesting wild grown medicinal plants, generally involving a managment a plan were made.
These plans involve assesing the abundance of a plant, and exploring the species growth's rate, reproductive biology and how the harvesting should be controlled.
Sustainable forestry: Procedures like selective logging (involves removing the mature trees that are of value and immature trees are left) have been devised to achieve sustainability.
Agroforestry: Land managment system in which crops are grown around trees and they enrich the soil when the leaves fall, provide food, firewood and medicines.
National Parks, Wildlife and ecological reserves and corridors
Once an area has been designed as an national parl, it should be protected from damage. Laws are usually implemrnted that ban or limit activities such as hunting and logging.
Many iconic areas of the world remain todaytoday because they have been given having a national park status such as Pantana Matogrossense National Park in Brasil.
Wildlife and ecological reserves are areas where the focus is managment of the area for wildlife and ecology. People actually living in such areas can feel they are in competition with the world around them.
An exaple of this situation arose in Australia when attempts were made to set up ecological reserves and rivers.
Wildlife corridors are areas of land that link large reserves or other wildlife areas. When natual haitats are fragmented, the remainig areas may be acwuired and set up as reserves. However, it has shown that many species are not ableto maaintain a viablepopulation in samller areas.
For example, some species are so dependent on trees that they never come down to the ground. Therefore, even if another forested areas is only a few tens of meters away, individuals within the two areas may not be able to mate or interact in other ways.
Extractive reserves
It attempts to find a balance between destroying the forest for short-term benefits and stopping all economic activity, which can have an impact on local people.
World biosphere reserves
It's another way of trying to strike a balance between conservation while at the same time meeting people's needs.
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Seed banks
Wild plant population can be destroyed by habitat destruction caused by floods, fire, climate change, over-harvesting, etc.
Wild plants may carry genes that could be used in crop plants to confer resistance to pests and diseases.
Zoos and captive breeding
They are very good at providing education about the illegal trade in animals and products and the need to maintain biodiversity.
Zoos are involved in scientific research on the control of diseases, animal behaviour and techniques to improve breeding success.
They have a very important role in capite-breeding programmes to increase species numbers, thus reducing the risk of extinction, with a view to releasing captive-bred animals into the wild when habitats have been restored.
Sustainable tourism and ecotourism
Tourism can be a very important source of income for a country or a region.
It can also be very damaging. Habitats are destroyed to provide accommodation, such as hotels for tourists.
Ecotourism is a form of sustainable tourism that is guided by environmental principles.
Measures are taken to safeguard the wildlife of the area and the natural resources are used in a sustainable way.