Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
6.4 The Respiratory System - Coggle Diagram
6.4 The Respiratory System
Human respiratory system
Larynx
In front of the windpipe
Vocal cords
Windpipe
Cartilaginous ring duct
They carry the air into the bronchi
Membrane that produces mucus to trap and expel impurities
Pharynx
13-15 cm
It connects the nose with the larynx
Connect the mouth with DS
Bronches
Two cartilage and fiber ducts
They go into the lungs
They branch to bronchioles
Nostrils
Turbinates
Red pituitary, responsible for heating breathing air
Yellow pituitary, responsible for smelling
Lungs
Protected by pleura
Bronchial branches
Alveoli
Gas exchange (O2/CO2)
Respiratory process
Alveolar gas exchange
It occurs in the pulmonary alveoli.
Transport of gasses through blood
Pulmonary ventilation
Air inlet and outlet through rhythmic movements.
Inspiration: Entry of air into the lungs through the airways.
Espiration: Exit of CO2-rich air from the lungs.
Gasses exchange between cells
Red blood cells circulate through the capillaries and they give up the O2, collecting the CO2.
Stages of respiration
Oxygen transport
Specialized structures: red blood cells
Cellular respiration
Cells take in O2 from erythrocytes and use it to break down food and produce energy
External respirations
Entry and exit of oxygen-rich air into the body
Release of waste products
CO2 and water vapor come out of the middle
Gas exchange
Gas exchange
The exchange (diffusion) of oxygen and carbon dioxide to and from the blood at the alveoli and the respiring tissues
Ventilation
Movement of air into and out of the lungs in two stages: inspiration and expiration. This is controlled by movement of the diaphragm and ribcage
Large organisms: oxygen cannot diffuse directly into all cells from the air/wastes cannot be directly ejected from the body.
Cell respiration
This is production of ATP at the cellular level (mitochondria). Aerobic respiration uses oxygen, whereas anaerobic does not.
Alveoli: the millions of thin-walled, dead-ends of the bronchioles forming clusters of air sacs acting as the respiratory surface
Type 1 pneumocytes carry out gas exchange
Type 2 pneumocytes secrete surfactant that keeps the sides of the alveoli from sticking to each other (which decreases surface tension and keeps the lungs flexible)