Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

locke - Coggle Diagram

- - - - being perfectly free does not guarantee that what you do to be free is prudent. to be free is consistent with being foolish
      - to be free is to be like everyone else who is free, and so each does what he does with himself and his stuff what he thinks is fitting to do. and in thinking what's fitting, no one, being perfectly free, asks permission from anyone else or depends upon the will of any other human being.
        
        no one has authority over anyone else
        
        any authority that exists take human beings beyond the natural condition. why would human beings being perfectly and equally free, want it to be otherwise?
        
        if man in the state of nature be so free if he is absolute lord of his own person, equal to the greatest and subject to nobody, why will he part with his freedom, why will he give up this empire and subject himself to the dominion and control of any other power?
        
        "locke, you said that human beings are free, no one has a right to tell anyone else what to do. there is no authority at all. that is a condition that you should not be affirming, it is a condition of chaos because people being perfectly free and going to be free to be prejudiced, biased, and so on" locke says -> i grant you this objection, natural condion is defective.
        
        civil government is the proper remedy. political society, political authority
        
        law of nature is moral law -> justice is a core moral concept -> you are allowed as a moral permission to harm another if you do so executing justice -> punishment
        
        morality is defective -> solution is political authority
      - acknowledge that every human being is exactly like yourself (perfectly free)
- - - - dictates of prudence in the natural condition are no different from the dictates of the natural condition
- - - - much if what is given (fruits, beasts, land) is useless.
  - - - labor market so people can earn the money they need to buy things with
        
        for a free man (self-owner) makes himself a servant to another, so he becomes an employee of an employer, by selling him for a certain time the service he undertakes in exchange for wages.
- - - - locke is anti-slavery theorist. slavery implies others may own you
    - - what is political about political rule?
      - political power is a right of making laws with penalties of death and consequently less penalties for the regulation and preserving of property
        
        property -> does not mean simply things that people have a right to possess. most fundamentally life every human being owns himself, and therefore has a right to his own life. the most basic form of property. every human being is a self-owner.
      - political power rightfully used is legislative power. involves : 1) laying down what is civilly or criminally permissible or prohibited or required. 2) establishing penalties in the event of violation of the law.
        
        if the law is established by the lawmaker, what about enforcement? execution, executive power -> enforcement of the law
        
        the rightful exercise of the political power must include the power to prepare for external threats and responses to those external threats
        
        make law to preserve life and liberty above all
        
        legislation and execution
        
        for the public good -> contrast between private and public
- - - - punishment as deterrent appeals to people's fear. prudence if their fear is rational fear.
- - - - for men being all the workmanship of one omnipotent and infinitely wise maker. we are not the owner of ourselves, but the workmanship of the maker. so we cannot kill ourselves, because we are owned by the maker
- - - - slavery != property ownership.
    - - labor is to withdraw or remove from what is in common. he that is nourished by acorns from under an oak. (picking up acorns -> laboring) does not require permission, no one has any claim to it
- - - - wherever any number of men are united in a society to quit nature and resign power to the public there is a political society. any number of men in nature enter into society to make one people, one body politic.
        
        why leave nature and subject oneself to the dominion and control of any other power?
        
        were it not for the corruption and viciousness of degenerate man, there would be no need of any other. moral community is sufficient if and only if there are no corrupt vicious degenerate human beings. the remedy is political society
- - - - the law has to be made knowable. a child being only potentially rational, the law cannot be propagated to a child
        
        where there is no law, there is no freedom, for liberty is to be free from restraint and violence from others. but freedom is not a liberty for every man to do whatever he wants.
        
        to be free is to be in a position to do whatever you want with no restrictions -> liberty. only if you believe that will you draw the conclusion that law puts a constraint on liberty. locke -> no liberty without law. liberty != license
        
        preserve one's property: his life, liberty and estate has a power to preserve property, to be the judge of whether others are offending (executive power to punish)
        
        but because no political society (civil society) can be or subsist without having the power to preserve the property, and in order to be able to do so punish the offenses of that society.