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Joan Torres 5th Period Skeletal System, Differences in Male/Female …
Joan Torres
5th Period
Skeletal System
All Bones
Cranial Bones
Frontal
Bone
(Forehead)
Zygomatic
(Cheek)
Maxilla
(Upper
Jaw)
Mandible
(Lower
Jaw)
Nasal
(Nose)
Abdominal and Chest
Bones
Cervical
Vertebrae (Neck)
Thoracic Vertebrae
(Back)
Lumbar
Vertebrae
(Lower Back)
Coxal (Hip Bones)
Sternum
True and
False Ribs
Sacrum
Arms
Humerus (Upper
Arm)
Radius
and
Ulna (Forearm
Carpals
(Wrist)
Metacarpals
(Palm
Legs
Femur
(Thigh)
Tibia
and
Fibula (Calf)
Tarsal
(Ankle)
Metatarsal
(Sole of Foot)
Phalanges
(Toes
AND
Fingers)
Types of Bones
Long Bones - Longer than they are wide, Humerus
Short Bones - Cube shaped bones, Wrist/carpals
Flat Bones -
Thin and flat bones, sternum
Irregular Bones -
Complicated shapes,
Vertebrae
Anatomy of
Long Bone
Diaphysis -
The shaft of the bone
Ephysis -
Ends of bone
Medullary Cavity -
Space inside bone with veins and marrow
Spongy Bone -
Honeycomb structure in ephysis
Compact Bone -
The harder shell that is meant to protect
Epiphyseal Line -
Separates diaphysis
and epiphysis and grows to
lengthen bones
Red Marrow -
Inside spongy bones and diploes
Yellow Marrow -
Inside medullary
cavities and stores fat
Microscopic Bone Anatomy
Osteogenic Cells -
Differ into osteoclasts &
bone-lining cells
Osteoblast -
Bone forming cells; secretes osteoid
Osteocytes -
Mature cells that are stress sensors; don't divide
Bone-Lining Cells -
Maintains surface matrix
Osteoclasts -
Big cells that breakdown bones
Osteon -
Structural unit of compact bone
Lacunae -
Small cavities containing osteocytes
Bone Remodeling
Bone Deposit -
New matrix is created from the osteoblasts
Bone Resorption -
Osteoclasts breaks
down bone
Bone Remodeling -
New matrix formed by osteblasts
Bone Fracture
Repair
Hematoma Formation -
Blood clot from excessive
blood loss
Fibrocartilage Callus Formation - Capillaries develop, phagocytic cells clears debris, fibroblasts reconstruct
Bone Callus Formation - The callus converts to hard (bony) callus of spongy bone
Bone Remodeling - Compact bone laid down, reconstructs shaft walls, begins during Bony Callus formation
Joints
Fibrous Joints - Sutures, Syndesmoses, Gomphoses
Cartilaginous Joints - Synchrodoses,
Symphyses
Synovial Joints -
Plane, Hinge, Pivot,
Condylar, Saddle,
ball-and-socket
Movements allowed
by Synovial Joints
Pivot Joint - Rotating bone on axis
Condyloid Joint - All movement except rotation
Hinge Joint - Joint between bones; only one plane
Saddle Joint - On thumb base and allows rotation and grasping
Plane Joint - Gliding movements
Ball-and-Socket Joint - Allows many direction at central point
Disorders and
Diseases
Osteomalacia -
Poorly mineralized bones
Rickets -
In children, bowed legs from lack of Vitamin D
Osteoporosis -
Increased resorption, decreased deposit
Paget's Disease -
Quickly grows bones and poorly developed
Differences in Male/Female
Skeleton
Male Skeletons - Thicker bones and smaller coxal bones
Female Skeletons -
Somewhat thinner bones and larger coxal bones