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Political : Philosophies, in the sixteenth century sought a political…
Political : Philosophies
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Conservatism
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Does not believe that the new is exactly good, is attached to the known and functional
against political, unconstitutional or economic reforms
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contend that society should be liberated from political, religious, and scientific dogmas, as well as abstract doctrines such as'social justice,' which they claim have little relevance to human life as it is and act to restrain civil order and its providing an innovative down unforeseeable paths.
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focuses on 'how things are' rather than 'how things should be,' similar to the realist's desire to see man for what he is rather than what he could be.
Man
Is deeply sceptical of people's motivations.
and desires, particularly when they are removed from organically grown cultural structures that have adapted to economic and environmental changes over generations
follow Aristotle in proclaiming the lack of laws to be a barbarous, confrontational state
Society is an organic entity held together by the natural relationships that form between people, providing them with a feeling of identity and coherence.
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Environmentalism
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AN environmentalist is a person that protects and preserves the natural environment by preventing pollution
The environmentalism pretends to make people aware and about ecologi and the importance of make a change trough education, advertising
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This is a global movement that stands for the preservation, restoration and inprovement of natural preservation for the future of the humanity.
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It is also historical, political, cultural and moral Philosophi as it has a long history behind wich we lwarned diferently by our cultures.
Socialism
What is it?
a political and economic theory that suggests the community as a whole should own or control the means of production, distribution, and exchange.
Beginnings
began as a result of the miserable circumstances brought on by the industrial revolution, during which a large number of people relocated from the rural to the cities and established an urban working class.
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‘Liberal’ derives from the Latin liber, meaning free,
unrestricted and independent.
(1919–39) change to to imply a social democratic vision of state intervention in the economy,
‘freedoms to’ policies – freedoms to education, happiness, love even – and similar ‘rights to’: shelter, education, health
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Liberals defend a neutral political framework, the state should not privilege any group or individual over any other.
Emerged from humanist Renaissance looking for a political solution in which states were trying to impose one form of Christianity all their people.
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Liberalists say: All men are born morally equal’. even if we are not literally all born with equal potential, that equality can be cultivated by institutional reform. All should be given an equal opportunity.
A liberal society should be as free as possible and ensure that no one is excluded from the benefits without privileging any individual over another and without obstacles that prevent some from moving up the social and economic hierarchies.
Philosophically, Liberalism defines justice and fairness in terms of securing equality of opportunity, as distinct from equality of outcome.
Realism
Believe that all human motivations are driven by power and the desire to secure dominion over others
Realism assumes that ethics, whether domestic or international, must be guided by power considerations.
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Man
is characterized as predisposed to violence and predation in his struggle to preserve himself against the predation of others
Society
a distinction must be made between the power exercised by wealth and the power exercised by weapons.
realists support a politicized education that encourages young people to consider the importance of living in a powerful nation – patriotism and nationalism become servants of power politics.
State
The realist state is a necessary institution that arises from the war or the threat of it between peoples, and is justified to ensure peace among civilians and among different peoples.
International Relations
Descriptive realism generally holds that the community international law is characterized by anarchy, since there is no dominant world government that enforces a common code of rules.
The realist implies that, when acting on the outside, morality should not be applied power governs the affairs of the world.
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in the sixteenth century sought a political solution to the religious reform in which states sought to impose a form of Christianity on all their people.
It helps to improve harmful human activities through the adoption of forms of political and social organizations.