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POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC LIBERALISM, image, image, image, image, image,…
POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC LIBERALISM
CRITICISM OF THE OLD REGIME
political theories developed advocated reforms
guarantee individual rights
moderate the power of kings
Enlightenment thinkers
formulated more radical criticisms that led to liberalism.
radical opposition to the
Old Regime
describe feudal system
characteristics
political absolutism
estate system / class system
agricultural economy
primary sector
liberals critised different aspects
legal inequality of the estate system
not equality between all people before the law
society
privileged social groups
commoners/ third estate
survival of a feudal economy
great commercial and market growth
liberals criticised obstacles to development
power of absolute monarchs and the Church
individual rights and freedom of expression
Monarchs and clerics
censored
criticism
development of new ideas
survival of manorialism in the fiefdoms of the nobility and the Church
inhabitants of fiefdoms
work for the lords
pay taxes
subject to their law
serfs
serve a lord
inhabitants of a fiefdom
lived under manorialism.
subjects
inhabitants of a kingdom
regardless of their class
obedience and loyalty to their king
Mercantilism
supported the idea --> more precious metals a kingdom owned
Physiocracy
agriculture should be the main source of wealth
IDEAS OF POLITICAL LIBERALISM
old regime was critised
group of ideas around political liberalism was created
ideas
Equality of people before the law
same laws for everyone
existence of unalienable individual rights
cannot be taken away
human beings naturally possessed the right to life, liberty and property
right to inform, publish, teach and assemble
division of powers
separation between the Church and the state
Sovereignty resides in the nation.
people should govern themselves through their representatives in Parliament
representative political power.
serfs would become citizens
moderate and radical liberals
moderate liberals
wanted to keep the king
believed their power should be subject to the law
censitary suffrage
restricting the right to vote for the wealthiest only
radical liberals
Democrats and Republicans
universal suffrage
broad freedoms and the suppression of the role of religion hould be guaranteed
IDEAS OF ECONOMIC LIBERALISM
British economist Adam Smith 1723-1790
developed the economic liberalism
freedom of the individual to produce and buy within a free market and own private property
state should not intervene as the law of supply and demand in a free market
