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02.REVOLUTION AND THE RESTORATION OF ABSOLUTISM: 02.POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC…
02.REVOLUTION AND THE RESTORATION OF ABSOLUTISM: 02.POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC LIBERALISM
CRITICISM OF THE OLD REGIME
Advocated reforms
guarantee individual rigths
moderate the power of the king
Enlightenment thinkers
Montesquieu
Voltaire
Rousseau
formuleted more radical criticised
led liberalism
Liberals developed a radical opposition to OLD REGIME
Old regime
used to describe feudal system of their time
political absolutism
state system
characteristics
agricultural economy based on primary sector
The legal inequality of the estate system
absence of equality between all people before the law
Society was divided
noble, clerics
the have privilages
commoners
Survival of a feudal economy
commercial and market growth
liberals critised obstacles to development
caused by
privileged corporations
fiefdoms
price control was established
The power of absolute monarchs and the church
laws limited individual rights and freedom of expresions
The survival of a manorialism in the fiefdoms of the nobility and the Church
inhabitants of fiefdoms
worked
for their lords
pay taxes
were subject to their laws
Serfs
serve a lord
were inhabitants of a fiefdom
Subjects
all the inhabitants of a kingdom
IDEAS OF THE POLITICAL LIBERALISM
Old regime was critised
group of ideas
around political liberalsm
Equality of people before the law
abolition of all privileges
The existence of unaleinable individual rights
rights cannot be taken away
human beings naturally possessed the right to life, liberty and property
establishment of freedoms regarding issues and areas
press
printing
education
assembly
The division of powers
power have to be moderate
individual rights
division into three powers
executive
legislative
judicial
separation between the Church and the state
Sovereingnty resides in the nation
Representative political power
people would no longer be serves and subjects
become citizens
people who enjoy all the duties and the rights established by law
IDEAS OF ECONOMIC LIBERALISM
defend the freedom of the liberal to produce and buy
free marjek
private property
Supply and demand
free market would determinate what to produce
how much they produce
what price the sold
MODERATE AN RADICAL LIBERALS
Moderate
wanted to keep the king and official religion
their power was subject to the law
Radicals
democrats
advocate universal suffrage
