02.REVOLUTION AND THE RESTORATION OF ABSOLUTISM: 02.POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC LIBERALISM

CRITICISM OF THE OLD REGIME

Advocated reforms

guarantee individual rigths

moderate the power of the king

Enlightenment thinkers

Montesquieu

Voltaire

Rousseau

formuleted more radical criticised

led liberalism

Liberals developed a radical opposition to OLD REGIME

Old regime

used to describe feudal system of their time

political absolutism

state system

agricultural economy based on primary sector

characteristics

The legal inequality of the estate system

absence of equality between all people before the law

Society was divided

noble, clerics

the have privilages

commoners

Survival of a feudal economy

commercial and market growth

liberals critised obstacles to development

caused by

privileged corporations

fiefdoms

price control was established

The power of absolute monarchs and the church

laws limited individual rights and freedom of expresions

The survival of a manorialism in the fiefdoms of the nobility and the Church

inhabitants of fiefdoms

worked

for their lords

pay taxes

were subject to their laws

Serfs

serve a lord

were inhabitants of a fiefdom

Subjects

all the inhabitants of a kingdom

IDEAS OF THE POLITICAL LIBERALISM

Old regime was critised

group of ideas

around political liberalsm

Equality of people before the law

abolition of all privileges

The existence of unaleinable individual rights

rights cannot be taken away

human beings naturally possessed the right to life, liberty and property

establishment of freedoms regarding issues and areas

press

printing

education

assembly

The division of powers

power have to be moderate

individual rights

division into three powers

executive

legislative

judicial

separation between the Church and the state

Sovereingnty resides in the nation

Representative political power

people would no longer be serves and subjects

become citizens

people who enjoy all the duties and the rights established by law

IDEAS OF ECONOMIC LIBERALISM

defend the freedom of the liberal to produce and buy

free marjek

private property

Supply and demand

free market would determinate what to produce

how much they produce

what price the sold

MODERATE AN RADICAL LIBERALS

Moderate

Radicals

wanted to keep the king and official religion

their power was subject to the law

democrats

advocate universal suffrage

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