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2. POLITICAL and ECONOMIC LIBERALISM - Coggle Diagram
2. POLITICAL and ECONOMIC LIBERALISM
CRITICSM OF THE OLD REGIME
LIBERALS CRITISED
Legal inequality of the estate system
Society divided into
Privileged social groups
The rest -> Commoners of third estate
Survival of a feudal economy
Liberals criticised
Obstacles to development
Caused by fiefdoms
Absolute monarchs & the Church
Power of monarchies
Limited individual rights & freedom
Reforms
Guarantee individual rights
Moderate the power of kings
Most important contributions of
Enlightenment and parliamentarism
Montesquieu, Voltaire & Rousseau
Formulated radical criticism --> liberalism
Old Regime
Enlightened thought opposition
Described
The feudal system in their time
Characterised by
Political absolutism
Estate system
Agricultural economic
Based on the primary sector
SERFS and SUBJECTS
Serfs
Serve the lord
Lowest class
Subjects
All the inhabitants of a kingdom
Owed obedience/loyality to their king
MERCANTILISM and PHYSIOCRACY
Mercantilism
More precious metals a kindom owned
More powerful it was
Craft
Exports encouradged
Imports limited
Jean-Baptiste Colbert
main theorist
Physiocracy
Agriculture
Main source of wealth
Francois Quesnay
main theorist
IDEAS OF POLITICAL LIBERALISM
Old Regime -> criticism
Group of ideas ->
political liberalism
Equality of people before the law
Everyone should be
Subject to the same laws
Including the king
Unalienable individual rights
Rights can't be taken away
Humans have rights to
Live
Liberty
Property
Freedoms such as
Press, printing, education & assembly
Division of powers
Liberals argued
Power -> moderated by individual rights
Separation between
The Church
The state
Sovereignty resides in a nation
People should govern
Elected by voting
Through representatives
Proposed a
representative political power
No longer serfs and subjects
They were called
citizens
Individuals with rights & duties
IDEAS OF ECONOMIC LIBERALISM
Adam Smith
Developed "
economic liberalism
theory
Defended
Freedom of the individual
To produce/buy
Within free market/private property
Law of
supply and demand
State should not intervine
It determined
What to produce
How much
At what price
