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POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC LIBERALISM, image, image, image - Coggle Diagram
POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC LIBERALISM
CRITICISM OF THE OLD REGIME
Political theories developed that advocated reforms to guarantee individual rights and moderate the power of kings
Montesquieu, Voltaire and Rousseau formulated more radical criticisms that led to liberalism
developed a radical opposition to the
Old Regime
The liberals criticised different aspects
The survival of a feudal economy
was great commercial and market growth during previous centuries
the liberals criticised obstacles to development
caused by
(Fiefdoms, privileged corporations
guilds
, goods that could not be sold or bought and trade restrictions, and price controls established by the authorities during emergencies )
The power of absolute monarchs and the Church
The power of monarchies and the Church and their ability to influence laws
limited individual rights and freedom of expression
Monarchs and clerics censored criticism and the development of new ideas
The legal inequality of the estate system
Society was divided into privileged social groups
SERFS AND SUBJECTS
SERFS
were required to serve a lord
were inhabitants of a fiefdom where they lived under manorialism
SUBJECTS
were all the inhabitants of a kingdom, regardless of their class
They owed obedience and loyalty to their king.
Due to estate privileges and fiefdoms, and because sovereignty was concentrated in the hands of the kings
IDEAS OF POLITICAL LIBERALISM
political liberalism
The existence of unalienable individual rights
These rights cannot be taken away
press, printing, education and assembly
The division of powers
separation between the Church and the state
to prevent religious interference in civil society
three powers: the executive, exercised by the government, the legislative, exercised by parliament, and the judicial, in the hands of the courts
Equality of people before the law
the abolition of all privileges, fiefdoms, manorialism and the whole estate system
Everyone, including the king, should be subject to the same laws regardless of their social origin
Sovereignty resides in the nation
representative political power
people would no longer be serfs and subjects
citizens
IDEAS OF ECONOMIC LIBERALISM
Adam Smith
developed a theory called
economic liberalism
free market
own private property
The Wealth of Nations 1776
the law of supply and demand
