TAJWEED

MAKHARIJ ( Places of articulation)

MAD

RULES OF NOON SAKIN AND TANWEEN

جوف ( the emptiness of the mouth)

The madd letters

حروف حلقي ( Throat letters)

أ + ه Lowest portion of your throat

ع + ح middle of the throat

غ +خ uppormost portion of the throat

the tounge

back of the tounge

middle of the tounge

side of the tounge

front edge of the Tongue

tip of the tongue

the lips

nasal cavity

( mad asli ) there are three letters of mad

wow sakin preceeded by a dhamma

Yaa sakin preceeded by a kasra

Alif preceeded by a fatha

Letters of mad asli must be prolonged for the duration of 2 harakat

One alif / 2 harakah is the time it takes to open or close a finger at normal speed

Anything shorter will make the madd invalid

soft fleshy portion of the upper palate closest to the throat =ق

The beginning of the bony portion of the upper pallete = ك

the middle of the tounge rises and enters the recess of the upper pallete =ج +ي+ش

Major and minor mistakes

Major mistakes:Serious and obvious mistakes: that is to say, changing the meaning of the verses or changing a letter or removing it, which leads to sin.

Minor Mistakes :These are the minor and subtle mistakes. That is to say, when we do not give the required quality to the letter.

ض

method 1: the sides of the tongue touch the third molar ( wisdome tooth) first, then works its way forward to the first premolar

Method 2: the sequence may be reversed by entering the makhraj at the first premolar and working backwards to the third molar

ل the front edge of the tongue touches the upper palate, behind the eight front teeth

ن the front of the edge of the tongue touches the upper palate behind the six front teeth( three treeth on either side)

ر the front edge of the tongue, slightly towards the surface, touches the upper palate behind the four front teeth ( two teeth on either side)

ت+د+ط the tip of the tongue touches the roots of the two top front teeth ( thanaya ulya)

ث+ذ+ظ the tip of the tongue touches the bottom edge of the two top front teeth ( thanaya ulya)

ز+س+صthe tip of the tongue touches the upper edge of the thanaya sufla together with the thanaya ulya ( 2 top and 2 bottom front teeth)

the bottom lip

both lips

ف the bottom lip touches the two top front teeth

the lips close completelyب+م

و the lips touch at the sides rounding the lips

ghunnah of the hidden noon

Ikhfa

Idhgaam: to place one thing into another ( merge)

Izhar

Iqlab

Ghunna

The sound that passes throught the nasal cavitiy

IDHGAAM NAQIS ( INCOMPLETE ASSIMILATION)

If ر + ل comes after nun sakin and tanween then you will completely assimialte the sound of non sakin in to the next letter WITHOUT applying ghunnah

If after noon sakin or tanweed the letter baa appears, the sound of noon sakin will change in to a meem and ghunna will be applied for the duration of one alif

Extended madd

Madd Muttasil

Madd Munfasil

Madd Lazim

Lengthen the letter of madd which is followed by a hamzah in the same word, to three alifs

Lengthen the letter of mad which is followed by a hamza, in the next word, to three alifs

The letter of madd which is followed by a sakin or tashdeed in the same word, is lengthened to five alifs

Do not seal the lips firmly as with the normal meem nor leave a gap

if noon sakin or tanweed is followed by any of the 6 throat letters then the noon sakin will be pronounced clearly with not change

ء+ه+ع+ح+غ+خletters of izhar

ص+ذ+ث+ك++ش+ق+س+د+ط+ز+ف+ت+ض+ظ

If after nun sakin or tanweed any of the 15 letters of ikhfa appear then the nun will be hidden at the place of the next letter

If ikhfaa is applied by negating all function of the tongue while pronouncing ghunnah only, the tounge/lips will wait at the makhraj of the next letter

if the following letter is empty, the ghunnah will be empty, if the following letter is full, the ghunna will be full

IDHGAAM TAAM ( COMPLETE ASSIMILATION)

When nun sakin or tanween is followed by ي+ن+م+و then idhgam will be applied with ghunna

Rules of raa

Rules of Meem sakin

Idhgaam shafawi

Ikhfa Shafawi

Izhar Shafawai

If after meem sakin another meem appears, the first meem will be assimillated into the second, while lengthening the ghunna to one alif

If after the meem sakin the letter baa appears, the meem will be weakened ( with a soft featherlight touch of the lips), while lengthening the ghunnah to one alif

If after meem sakin any letter other than meem and baa appear, then meem is pronounced in its orginal form

Raa sakina

Rules of raa mutaharika

When the raa has fatha or dhamma it will be pronounced with a full mouth

When raa has a kasra it will be pronounced with an empty mouth

When raa sakin has a fatha or dhamma before it, it is pronounced with a full mouth

When raa sakin has a kasra before it, it will be pronounced with an empty mouth when three conditions are met

  1. The kasra is permanent
  1. The kasra and raa sakin are both in the same word

3.The raa sakin is not followed by a heavy/full letter

If these conditions arent met the raa sakin will be read full mouth

Rules of raa with sakin aaridh due to stopping

Raa with a sakin aridh preceded by a fatha or dhamma will be pronoucned with a full mouth

Raa with a sakin aridh preceded by a kasra will be pronounced with an empty mouth

Raa with a sakin aridh preceded by a yaa sakin will be pronouced with an empty mouth

To recite one letter in place of another

To add a letter to the word ( when we stretch the vowels longer than needed)

To delete a letter from a word ( when we shorten the letter)

To recite one harakah in place of another

To recite a harakah in place of a sakin

ghunna is lengthened to one alif

Meem mushadad and noon mushadad

letters of leen

there are 2 letters of leen

When wow sakin is preceded by a fatha

When yaa sakin is preceded by a fatha

Read clearly

Can be prolonged for 2,4, or 6 counts when stopping

Qalqalah

there are 5 letters of qalqalah

ق+ط+ب+ج+د

When any of the letters appear with a Sakin, they are pronounced with an echo.

Qalqalah is more pronounced when stopping