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POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC LIBERALISM, law, feudal eocnomy, power church,…
POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC LIBERALISM
CRITICISM OF THR OLD REGIME
based on enlightenment thought
Montesquieu
Voltaire
Rousseau
Criticised by Liberals
the legal inequality of the estate system
before the law
not all people were equal
divided society
privileged class
nobility
clergy
third state
peasants
professionals
merhcants...
The survival of a feudal economy
great commercial and market grow
liberals criticised
the control of the authorities
fiefdoms
price controls
goods that can or can't be sold
during the bad harvest times
The power of absolute monarchs and the church
influence
laws
certain individual rights
freedom of expression
censored
criticism
development of new ideas
The survival of manorialism in the fiefdoms of the nobility and the church
inhabitants of the fiefdoms
work for their lords
pay taxes
obey their laws
SERFS AND SUBJECTS
due to
priviledges
fiefdom
power of the monarchy
serfs
serv the lord
under manorialism
inhabitants of the fiefdoms
subjects
inhabitants of the kingdom
obedience and loyalty to their king
IDEAS OF ECONOMIC LIBERALISM
enlightened ideas influence economy
individual property
greater freedom in trade
British economist Adam Smith
economic liberalism
reedom of the individual to produce and buy
based on
individual property
free trade
The Wealth of Nations (1776)
liberals
wanted to reduce public power of the state
to mediate in economic relationships
not intervene
the law of supply and demand
found obstacles
price controls
commercial regulations
physiocracy
agriculture
main source of wealth
theory
Françoise Quesnay
mercantilism
more precious metals
more power
crafts
exports encouraged
imports limited
free market
what to produce
how much to produce
at what price
IDEAS OF POLITICAL LIBERALISM
Equality of people before the law
abolition of
privileges
fiefdoms
manorialism
thw whole state system
all the people
subject of the same laws
even the king
The existence of unalienable individual rights
every human being possessed rights
to live
liberty
poberty
cannot be taken away
inspired by John Locke
some freedoms
press
printing
education
assembly
The division of powers
Montesquieu’s theories
liberals decided
power had to be moderated
divided into
executive
government
legislative
parliament
judicial
courts
separation between
the church
avoid religious interference in society
the state
Sovereignty resides in the nation
teachings of Rousseau
parliamentary political tradition
representative political power
people rule themselves
through representatives in the parliament
elected by suffrage
from serfs and subjects
to citizens
follow the law's
rights
duties
