POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC LIBERALISM
Ideas of political liberalism
Ideas of economic liberalism
Criticism of the Old Regime
Political theories from the Enlightement Parliamentarianism
reforms that guarantee individual rights
moderate kings power
Liberalism
How was it created?
radical criticism some Enlightened thinkers
Voltaire
Rousseau
Montesquieu
led to radical oposition to Old Regime
political absolutism
economy based on agriculture
criticised
legal inequality
wasn't equality between all people before the law
division of society into privileged classes
nobles and cleregy
commoners
peasants
artists
merchants
doctors
survival of manorialism in fiefdoms
inhabitants
paid taxes/giva part of the crop to lord
followed the laws of the lord
of fiefdoms worked for a lord
power of absolute monarchs and Church
limited
censored
individual rights
freedome of expression
criticism
development of new ideas
survival of feudal economy
obstacles to development because of
fiefdoms
privileged corporations
trade restrictions
guilds
not everything can be sold/bought
price controls
by the aouthorities during emergencies
Equality of people before the law
Unalienable individual rights
Division of powers
Popular sovereignty
no
privilage
fiefdoms
feudals
estate system
everyone is subjected to same laws
SERFS AND SUBJECTS
Serfs
they served the lord
were the inhabitants of a fiefdom
Subjects
all the inhabitants of a Kingdom
had to obey the kings rules
had to promess loyalty to the king
rights that cannot be taken away
inspired by the work of John Locke
humans born with rights to
life
liberty
property
right to inform, publish, teach and asseble freely
involved freedome in
printing
education
asembly
press
power had to be moderated by
individual rights
division of powers
legislative
executive
judicial
court
parliament
government
separation between Church and state
not to have religious influence in civil society
people govern themselves by they representatives in the Parliament
representatives elected by voting
representative political power
people wouldn't be serfs or subject any more
would be citizen with rights
moderate and radical libelas
moderate
radical
monarchists
wanted a king
official religion
but the power should follow the law
gave the king part of legilative+juditial power
censitary suffrage
only wealthy men could vote
democrats
universal suffrage
everyone (men) could vote
no religion in public civil life
teaching
politics
laws
some of the Republicans
characteristics
Adam Smith
individual property
freedom to trade
developed economic liberalism (a theory)
freedome of individuals to produce and buy
free market
own properties
main work
The Wealth of Nations (1776)
there were some restrictions
privileged
things that can't be sold
price controls
commercial regulations
theories
mercantilism
physiocracy
believed that
public power only power to mediate economic relationships
state not intervene
law of suply and demand will do the work
