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POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC LIBERALISM, to produce, image, image, image, image,…
POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC LIBERALISM
CRITICISM OF THE OLD REGIME
enlightened thinkers
Voltaire
Rousseau
Montesquieu
radical opposition to the Old Regime
guarantee individual rights, moderate the power of kings
Criticised
survival of a feudal economy
liberals criticise obstacles to development
power of absolute monarchs and the Church
power of monarchies, privileges of the Church limit individual rights and freedom of expression
legal inequality of the estate system
absence of equality between people before the law
survival of manorialism in the fiefdoms of the nobility and the Church
inhabitants of fiefdoms
work for their lords
pay taxes
be subject to their laws
Serfs and subjects
serfs
serve a lord
inhabitants of a fiefdom, under manorialism
suspects
inhabitants of a kingdom
owe obedience and loyalty to king
IDEAS OF POLITICAL LIBERALISM
The existence of unalienable individual rights
inspired by John Locke
humans possess right to life, liberty and property
cannot be taken away
establishment of freedoms
press
printing
education
assembly
The division of powers
power be moderated
individual rights
division into three powers
separation between the Church and the state
Montesquieu’s theories
Equality of people before the law
abolition of all
whole estate system
manorialism
fiefdoms
privileges
Everyone the same laws
Sovereignty resides in the nation
people govern themselves through representatives in Parliament
elected by suffrage
parliamentary political tradition, teachings of Rousseau
representative political power
IDEAS OF ECONOMIC LIBERALISM
faced with
restrictions
theories like mercantilism and physiocracy
defend
freedom of the individual to produce and buy within a free market
own private property
liberals believe role of public power reduced to economic relationships
economic liberalism
Adam Smith
main work: The Wealth of Nations (1776)
developed a theory
the law of supply and demand
how much
at what price
what
Enlightened ideas influence economy
individual property
greater freedom to trade
to produce
.
.
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OIHANE TXARROALDE 24 4.E
